Part 52

Delphic oracle consulted during Hannibalic war, 323-324, 326

Demeter, 255; supersession of Ceres by, 100

Deubner, Professor, his theory of the Lupercalia, 138, 478-480

Devotio, 206-209, 219-221; formula, 207-208, 220; sacrificial nature, 207, 220

Di Manes: see Manes

Di Penates: see Penates

Diana: associated with Janus, 76, 125, 166; connection with Artemis, 235, 443; with Apollo, 443, 446; with Hercules, 262; functions, 234-236; temples, 95, 147, 234, 237, 244

Dies comitiales, 103 endotercisi, 181 fasti, 98, 103, 181 lustricus, 28, 42, 90 nefasti, 38, 40, 98, 103, 181 postriduani, 39, 40 religiosi, 38-40, 105

Dieterich, on disposal of the dead, 401

Dill, Professor, on Roman worship, 200

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, 130, 193, 215, 234, 250

Dionysus: identified with Liber, 255, 344; ritual, in Greece, 344-345; outbreak of Dionysiac orgies in Italy, 344

Dis, black victims sacrificed to, 440

Dius Fidius, connection with Jupiter, 130, 142

Divination, 56, 180; a universal instinct of human nature, 292, 306; connection with magic, 293, 310; views on the origin of, 293; formalised by State authorities, 295, 300; private, 295; quack diviners, 296-298; auspicia of family religion, 298-300; public, 301; duties of the Rex, 302; lore preserved in books, 303; divination by lightning, 51, 52, 304, 305, 307, 309; no lasting value in sphere of religion, 306; a clog on progress, 307; sinister influence of Etruscan divination on Rome, 307

Dobschuetz, on Christianity, 455

Dogs: sacrifices: see Sacrifices

Dolabella, Cornelius, 342

Doellinger, Dr., on the Flamen Dialis, 112; on prayer, 468

Domaszewski, von, cited, 99, 110, 154, 167; definition of numen, 119; on the cult epithets of Janus, 140; on Juno, 144; on evolution of dei out of functional numina, 165

Duhn, Professor von, cited, 31, 89

Dynamic theory of sacrifice, 177, 184, 190, 194

Earthquakes, expiation of, 339

Eilithyia, Greek deity of childbirth, 442, 446, 449

Ennius, cited, 65, 152, 183, 298, 322, 350, 351, 356

Epictetus, 369, 372

Epicurism, 352, 358, 360, 361, 375, 376, 381, 404, 453

Epicurus, 359

Epulum Iovis: see Jupiter

Equirria, 96, 99, 217

Eschatology, Christian: preparation of the Roman mind for, 454

Esquiline, 87, 395

Etruscans, 17; domination in Rome, 237, 239, 245, 258; art of divination, 299, 304; sinister influence on Rome, 307, 346, 347, 391

Evil spirits, 11, 29, 75, 76, 84, 93; wolf's fat as a charm against, 90

Evocatio, 58, 206

Excantatio, 58, 482

Extipicina, Etruscan rite of, 180

Fabius Pictor, 161, 261, 318, 320, 323, 326

Falacer, 122

Family (familia): origin and meaning of, 70, 86; religion in the, 68, 70, 73, 92, 116, 224, 226-228, 251, 270, 274, 298-300; description of the house, 72-73, 87; its holy places, 73; spirits of the household: see Spirits; the Lar familiaris, 77; position of slaves, 78; religio terminorum, 82; marriage, 83; childbirth, 83; burial of the dead, 73, 92; maintenance of the sacra, 274-275

Fanum, meaning of, 146

Far, sacred cakes of, 45, 83, 130, 141, 180, 274

Farnell, Dr., cited, 19, 27, 160, 161, 205; on the vow of the ver sacrum, 219; on Dionysiac ritual, 345, 355

Farreus, connection with Jupiter, 130

Fas, early usage of, 487-488

Fasti: see Calendar

Faunalia, 137

Faunus, 81, 89, 297, 479; connection with Lupercalia, 117

Februum, meaning of, 210, 222

Feretrius, cult-title of Jupiter: see Jupiter

Feriae Iovis, 129 Latinae, 40, 61, 172

Feronia, 284, 318

Ferrero, on the Carmen saeculare, 431, 450; on the ludi saeculares, 440

Fertility, customs to produce, 100, 106, 143, 210, 222, 479

Festivals, 78-81, 97, 105; agricultural, 34, 82, 98, 100, 120; harvest, 98, 101, 121; vintage, 100, 129; of the dead: see Dead; Latin festival on Alban mount, 172; in calendar, necessarily fixed, 95, 99, 102; women's: see Women

Festus, 33, 61, 141, 217

Fetiales, 31, 130, 143, 157, 251, 434, 488

Fides, 154, 446, 450; connection with Jupiter, 167

Fig-tree: sprouting of, on roof of temple, 162; piacula offered to various deities, 436, 490

Flamen Cerealis, 161, 163 Dialis, 32, 112, 124, 129, 193, 239, 246, 327, 342, 479; insignia, 177; taboos on, 33-35, 44, 45, 108, 109, 327, 342, 343 Martialis, 124, 131, 142, 341 Quirinalis, 124, 131, 134, 139, 142, 181, 197, 342, 434 Volcanalis, 484

Flamines, 113, 122, 123, 175, 193, 280, 341, 434; insignia, 177; personal purity essential, 178, 195

Flaminica Dialis, 135, 144; insignia, 177; taboos on, 35-36

Flaminius, 315, 317, 338, 340

Flora, 122

Fons, 117, 285

Forculus, the door spirit, 76

Fordicidia, 100, 120, 121

Fornacalia, 173

Fortuna (Fors Fortuna), 201, 235, 245, 284, 297, 396, 401

Forum Boarium, human sacrifices, 112, 320

Fratres Arvales: Acta Fratrum Arvalium, 161, 213, 435; altar, 164; carmen, 78, 132, 186, 187, 436; ritual of, 35, 100, 146, 149, 157, 162, 182, 191, 195, 213; revived by Augustus, 434; duties of the Brethren, 435; worship of sacred utensils, 489-490 Attiedii, 157, 187, 215

Frazer, Dr. J. G., his definition of religion, 8; his theory of divine kingship, 19, 20, 49, 51, 52, 115, 128, 140; on totemism, 25, 26; on taboo, 30, 34, 47; on oscilla, 61, 62, 67; on the Parilia, 100, 222; on marriage of gods, 144, 149, 150, 152, 155, 156, 165, 350, 481-485; on cult of Jupiter, 167; on appointment of camillae, 177, 195; on Diana, 235; on superstition, 264

Fulgur, cult-title of Jupiter, 129

Furrina, 18, 117, 122

Gallus, Aelius, on religiosum, 37

Games instituted to divert attention in times of trouble, 262-263; Apolline, 326; see also Ludi

Gardner, Professor E., cited, 355

Gardner, Professor P., on Christianity, 452; on prayers for the dead, 457; cited, 465

Gellius, Aulus, on the conjunction of divine names, 150-152; story of Scipio, 240; on religiousness of the Romans, 250

Genius: the male principle of life, 30, 92, 154, 317, 332; of the paterfamilias, 30; doubtful identification of Hercules with, 30; in combination with Hercules and Juventas, 332; Juno the feminine counterpart of, 87

Gennep, M. van, on taboo, 42, 44; on religious ceremonies, 65, 90, 442; on lustrations, 211, 212

Gentes, 69, 259

Georgics, the religious spirit of the, 407

Ghosts, 75, 85, 91, 92, 107

Gilds, trade, 230

Glover, Mr., on Christianity, 456

God, as represented in the Aeneid, 426

Gods: see Deities

Gratitude, not a prominent characteristic of the Roman, 252, 267

Greek comedy, influence on Roman religion, 351-353 gods, compared with Roman, 158; introduced into Rome, 230-242 literature, 296 philosophy, influence on Roman religion, 357-375

Greenidge, Dr., on the auspicia and the imperium, 301

Gregory the Great, 475

Gwatkin, Professor, on Augustine, 469; on the relation of early Christianity to morality, 471

Haddon, Professor, on supernaturalism, 21

Hades, 390, 391

Hannibalic War: revival of religio, 315, 317; Sibylline books consulted, 316-319, 329; sacrifices and offerings made to deities, 318; religious panic after battle of Cannae, 319; human sacrifices, 320; Delphic oracle consulted, 323, 324, 326; outbreak of lascivia, 324; institutio$1 $2 Apolline games, 326; religious history of last years, 327-329; gratitude to deities, 329; the Magna Mater of Pessinus brought to Rome, 330

Hardie, Professor, and the double altar in connection with funeral rites, 425

Hariolus, 297, 298, 311

Harrison, Miss, on covering the head at sacrifices, 195

Haruspices, 296, 313, 337, 338, 397; history of the, 307-309

Hebe, 332

Heinze, on the Aeneid, 413-415, 419, 426, 427

Heitland, Mr., on Bacchanalia, 346, 356

Heracleitus, 257

Hercules: associated with Diana, 262; with Juno, 17; in combination with Juventas and Genius, 317, 332; doubtful identification with Genius, 30; identified with the Greek Heracles, 230, 243; Victor or Invictus, 230, 231, 236, 243, 244; cult of, 231, 244; festival, 243; worship confined to men, 29

Hermes, 260

Hirtzel, Mr., cited, 426

Homer, religion of, compared with that of Roman patricians, 392

Honey cakes, 82

Honos et Virtus, 285, 446; temple, 328

Horace, 81, 299, 403, 405; Carmen saeculare, 431-432, 439, 443-447, 450, 451

Hora Quirini, 482-483

Horses: lustrations, 96, 215; races, 97; sacrifice of, see Sacrifices

Howerth, Ira W., his definition of religion, 8

Hubert et Mauss, on magic, 64, 65; on sacrifice, 190, 194, 195, 198

Human sacrifice, 33, 44, 107, 112, 226, 320, 440

Hut-urns, sepulchral, 87, 477

Huts or booths, use of, in religious ritual, 473-477

Huvelin, M., on magic, 64

Ides, 39, 65, 95, 251, 484; sacred to Jupiter, 129

Iguvium: ritual, 22, 138, 181, 197; lustration of the arx, 187, 214, 215; of the people, 31, 208, 215-216

Images and statues of gods, 146, 147, 165, 239, 262, 264, 336, 337; statue of Athene, 355

Immortality, belief in, 69, 386-387, 389, 424

Imporcitor, 161

Inauguratio of the priest-king Numa, 174-175, 193

Incense, 164, 180, 330, 458

Indigetes, di, 117, 139, 149, 180, 214

Indigitamenta, 76, 84, 88, 130, 138, 153, 159-161, 163, 165, 168, 281, 286, 291

Individualism, growth of, 240, 266, 287, 340, 358, 411, 456

Innocent, Bishop of Rome, 309

Iron, tabooed in religious ceremonies, 32, 35, 45, 214

Isis: religion, 455, 456; temple, 433

Ius, early usage of, 486-487 augurale, 296 civile, 5, 169; and the ius divinum, 58, 276-279 divinum, 13, 24, 33, 38, 49, 68, 104, 106, 107, 128, 146, 227, 228, 241, 271-273, 286, 287, 296, 345; and the ius civile, 58, 276-279; ritual, 169-191, 467; the pontifical books the pharmacopoeia of, 286; decay and neglect, 203, 314, 327, 352, 353; reaction against, 324, 340-344, 348; Augustan revival, 429 hospitii, 31, 32 Manium, 387

Janus: the door spirit, 76, 127, 146; bifrons of the Forum, 77; speculations regarding, 125, 140, 141; cult-titles, 126; worship, 183, 212; connection with Cardea, 485; with Diana, 76, 125, 166; with Juno, 126, 135; with Vesta, 140, 145; temple, 126

Jebb, Professor, on poetry of the Greeks, 424

Jevons, Dr., 19; on totemism, 26; on taboo, 28, 41; on magic, 48, 186; on priests, 176

Jews, proselytising, expelled from Rome, 139 B.C., 397, 402

Jhering, von, on origin of Roman divination, 293, 294, 311

Jordan, H., 13; on pairing of deities, 152

Junius, 315

Juno, 121, 479; Caprotina, 143; Curitis, 144; Moneta, 135; Populonia, 144; Regina, (of Ardea) 318, (of the Aventine) 318, 329, (of Veii) 135, 206, 284; Sospita, 318, 354; connection with Hercules, 17; with Janus, 126, 135; with Jupiter, 136, 144, 166, 443, 444, 446; one of the Etruscan trias, 94, 237; representative of female principle, 17, 87, 135, 144; temples, 135, 172, 237, 328, 329, 354

Junonius, cult-title of Janus, 126

Jupiter, 115, 118, 124, 127, 128, 141, 143, 147, 159, 183, 212; difference between Jupiter and Zeus, 141; connection with Diana, 76; with Dius Fidius, 130, 142, 167, 450; with Juno, 136, 144, 166, 443, 444, 446; with Juturna, 485; with Tellus, 121; with Terminus, 82; Capitolinus, 120, 129, 204, 205, 237, 238, 240, 241, 318, 319, 333, 367; Dapalis, 141; Elicius, 36, 50-52, 129, 137; Fagutalis, 141; Farreus, 130; Feretrius, 129, 433; Fulgur, 129; Grabovius, 187; Latiaris, 237, 238; Lucetius, 129; Sabazius, 402; Summanus, 129; one of the Etruscan trias, 94, 172, 237, 336; cult at Praeneste, 167; cult-titles Optimus Maximus, 129, 238; Ides sacred to, 129; worshipped on Alban Mount, 109, 128, 172; epulum Iovis, 172, 263, 268, 336, 338, 353; temples, 95, 115, 129, 146, 172, 237-238, 241, 245, 246, 254, 266, 433, 443

Juturna, 284, 285; connection with Jupiter, 485

Juventas, in combination with Genius and Hercules, 317, 332

Kalends, 39, 95, 126, 135, 251, 484

Kobbert, Maximilianus, on religio, 46

Kronos, identified with Saturnus, 118

Lactantius, 156, 165, 388, 459, 461, 462, 469

Lang, Mr., 19; cited in connection with the calendar of Numa, 105

Lapis: see Stones

Laralia: see Compitalia

Larentia, Acca, 67

Lar familiaris, 77, 78, 92, 251

Lares compitales, 61, 117, 132, 186

Latin Festival: see Feriae Latinae

Latins, the, 10, 23, 25, 86, 123, 130, 172, 193, 229

Latona, associated with Apollo, 262

Laughing, in ritual of Lupercalia, 106, 111

Laurel branches carried in procession, 265

Lawson, J. C., on burial and cremation, 91, 400, 401

Leather, tabooed in the worship of Carmenta, 36

Lecky, Mr., on Stoicism, 362, 377

Lectisternium, 263-266, 268, 317-319, 327

Leges regiae, connection with the ius divinum, 272

Leland, C. G., 67

Lemuria, 40, 85, 98, 107, 401; compared with the Parentalia, 393-395

Lepidus, pontifex maximus, 433, 438

Liber, 158, 260, 332; identified with Dionysus, 255, 344; temple, 255

Libera, 260; identified with Persephone, 255

Liberalia, 332

Libitina, 159

Licinius Imbrex, 151

Licinius, P., pontifex maximus, 342

Lightning, divination by, 51, 52, 304, 305, 307, 309

Limentinus, spirit of the threshold, 76

Livius Andronicus, 328

Livy, cited, 170, 174, 204, 205, 216, 217, 252, 261, 264, 269, 280, 300, 316, 324, 405; on Bacchanalia, 346-348

Lua, 165, 481, 482

Lucaria, 98

Lucetius, cult-title of Jupiter, 129

Lucilius, 156, 183

Lucretius, cited, 352, 359, 360, 376, 387, 394, 396, 403-406, 453; his contempt for superstitio, 361, 367; on Roman belief in Hades, 390; his use of religio, 460

Lucus, meaning of, 146

Ludi, 44, 95, 122, 204: see also Games magni, vowed to Jupiter during Hannibalic war, 319, 333 saeculares, 34, 431, 480; prayers used in, 198, 468; ritual described, 438-447; discovery of inscriptions, 439 scenici, 261, 263, 350

Lupercalia, 20, 34, 53, 65, 106, 118, 179, 194, 210, 393; whipping to produce fertility, 54, 479; Prof. Deubner's theory, 137, 478-480

Luperci, 34, 54, 106, 434, 479

Lupercus, 478

Lustrations: meaning of lustrare, 209-210; lustration of the ager paganus, 80, 213; of the ager Romanus, 78, 100; of ancilia, 96, 217; of the army, 96, 100, 215, 217; of the arx of Iguvium, 187, 199; of cattle and sheep, 100; of the city, 214, 317; of the farm, 132, 212; of horses, 96, 215; of people, 31, 216; of trumpets, 96, 215; animistic conception of, 211; ultimately adapted by Roman Church to its own ritual, 211, 218, 457

Luthard, on Roman religion, 288

Macrobius, cited, 28, 196, 206, 208, 219, 220, 484

Macte esto, meaning of the phrase, 182, 183, 197, 442

Magic: allied to taboo, 27, 47; contagious and homoeopathic, 48; and divination, 293, 309; harmless, 59; prayers and incantations, 185, 186, 198; private, 57, 68; in purificatory processes, 210; and religion, 47-49, 56, 224, 253; rigorously excluded from State ritual, 49, 57, 105, 107, 224; sympathetic, 50, 55

Magna Mater of Pessinus, brought to Rome, 330, 344, 348

Maia, 165, 166; connection with Volcanus, 151, 484

Maiestas, 151, 484

Mana, the positive aspect of taboo, 27, 30, 42, 48, 60

Manes, 39, 50, 75, 85, 92, 102, 106, 121, 208, 320, 341, 391, 392; individualisation of, 386; Di Manes, 341, 386

Mania, mother of the Lares, 61

Manilius, his poem on astrology, 396

Mannhardt, his theory of the Vegetation-spirit, 19-20, 478; on laughing in ritual of the Lupercalia, 111-112

Marcellus, 315, 328

Marcius, Latin oracles supposed to be written by, 326

Marcius Rex, praetor, 339

Marcus Aurelius, 369, 429

Marett, Mr., on taboo, 42, 45; on sacrificium, 192; on divination, 310

Marquardt, on Roman religion, 13, 16; on naming of children, 42

Marriage: a religious ceremony, 83, 177, 274, 279; Tellus an object of worship at, 121; among deities, 148-152, 166, 350, 481-485

Mars, 124, 129, 147, 204, 208, 215, 246, 319; various forms of his name, 131; as a married god, 150-152, 166; invocations to, 186, 212; connection with Bellona, 166; with Nerio, 150-151, 166; with Quirinus, 134, 150; pater, 212; Silvanus, 29, 132, 142; cult of, 132-134; festival, 96-97; temple, 133

Martianus Capella, 308

Masson, Dr., 357, 395; on Roman fear of future torments, 391

Mastarna, Etruscan name of Servius Tullus, 237, 246

Masurius Sabinus, 90

Matutinus, cult-title of Janus, 126

Meals, sacrificial, 172, 173, 193, 436; epulum Iovis: see under Jupiter

Megalesia, 330

Mens, 285

Mercurius (Hermes), 260, 262, 268, 484

Messor, 161

Mildew, spirit of the: see Robigus

Minerva, one of the Etruscan trias, 94, 237; name Italian, not Etruscan, 234, 245; associated with trade gilds, 233, 234, 236; Capta, 284; temples, 172, 233, 234, 244

Minium, faces painted with, 82, 115, 336

Minucius Felix, 461

Mithras, religion of, 455, 456, 464

Moirae (Parcae), 442, 446

Mola salsa: see Salt-cake

Moles, 150, 154, 158

Mommsen, cited, 200, 440; and the religion of the Romans, 2; on the Fasti anni Romani, 95, 96, 111; on Carmen saeculare, 444

Mucius Scaevola: see Scaevola

Murus, 94

Mysticism, 380-398, 404; in the form of astrology, 396, 401; not native to the Roman, 454

Neo-Pythagoreanism: see Mysticism

Neptunalia, 474

Neptunus, 117; identified with Poseidon, 118, 260; connection with Salacia, 150, 483; with Mercurius, 262

Nerio: connection with Mars, 150-151, 166; meaning of Nerio Martis, 150, 154

Nettleship, Professor, on the phrase macte esto, 197; on the character of Aeneas, 410, 427; on sanctus, 470

Nigidius Figulus, 299, 384, 397

Nones, 39, 95, 251; Nonae Caprotinae, 143

Numa Pompilius, priest-king: Livy's account of his inauguratio, 174-175; legends, 108, 115, 170, 180, 233, 322; Calendar described, 92-109; spurious books found in stone coffin, 349, 381

Numbers, mystic, 98, 328, 334, 441, 449

Numen, 34, 111, 250, 264, 364, 365, 367, 407; meaning of the word, 118; von Domaszewski's definition of, 119; evolution of dei out of functional numina, 165; see also Spirits and Deities

Oak-gods, 125, 129, 141, 143

Oaths: connection of Castor and Pollux with, 232; of Hercules, 231; of Jupiter, 130; taken in open air, 141-142; the religious, in public life, 358, 375; used by women, 244; taboo on, 343, 355

Oberator, 161

October horse, 20, 34, 65, 106; sacrifice of, 45, 105, 179

Odd numbers, luck in, 98

Ollae, worship of, 489-490

Opalia, 101

Opiconsiva, 101

Ops, 156; connection with Consus, 482; with Saturnus, 482

Oracles, 339, 354; see also Delphic oracle

Orcus, 166; the old name for the abode of the Manes, 391, 392; sacrifice of captives to, 44

Orosius, 333

Orphic doctrine, 381; tablets, 398

Oscilla, 61, 67; Dr. Frazer's theory, 61; see also Puppets

Otto, W., on connection of religio with practice of taboo, 46

Ovid, on Roman gods, 22; his picture of the Sementivae, 79, 80; rite of pagus, 82; on the Lemuria, 107, 112, 394; on Janus, 125; on images of gods, 147; on the Robigalia, 181, 196, 197, 434; on meals at sacrifices, 193; on the word februum, 210; on annual ceremony by consuls, 219; on the festival of Anna Perenna, 346, 473

Paganalia, 61, 62, 67, 102

Pagus: the familia in relation to, 71; meaning of the word, 87; festival of the Lar, 78; other festivals, 79; the religio terminorum, 81-82; lustrations of the, 213, 214

Pais, on Acca Larentia, 67; on the Tarquinii and Mastarna, 245

Palatine: Carmen saeculare sung on the, 443-447, 450; temple of Apollo, 443-445

Pales, 122, 149

Panaetius: and the Scipionic circle, 363-364, 453; his theology, 365; and Platonic psychology, 382, 398

Pantheism, Stoic, 366-368

Papirius, the consul, 314, 315, 331

Parentalia, 40, 107, 387, 401, 418, 457; compared with the Lemuria, 393-395

Parilia, 100, 120, 193, 222, 474

Pater and Mater, as applied to deities, 155-157

Patricians, 259, 304; religious system a monopoly of, 229

Patulcius, cult-title of Janus, 126

Pax (deity), 446, 451

Pax deorum, 169, 224, 261, 264, 272, 276, 286, 302, 328, 329; means towards maintenance of, 171, 180, 273, 300; violation of, 320; re-established by Augustus, 429, 431, 433

Pebble-rain, 316, 329, 332

Penates, 73, 74, 86, 92, 116, 193

Persephone, 255

Peter, R., on Indigitamenta, 160

Petronius, on ceremony of the aquaelicium, 64

Philodemus, 359, 375

Picus, 297

Pietas, 174, 227, 250, 254, 387, 405, 409-412, 466; meaning of, 462-463; Virgil's word for religion, 412

Piso, L. Calpurnius, 51-53, 484

Pius, 63, 462; see Pietas

Plague, Sibylline books consulted at outbreak of, 261

Plato, 258, 381

Plautus, 151, 351-352

Playwrights, their influence on Roman religion, 240, 351, 353

Plebeians, 105, 170; aediles, 255; the Plebs as the original inhabitants of Latium, 242, 259, 268, 289; emotional tendency of, 263-264; opening of priesthoods to, 268, 271, 279; increase of importance under the Etruscan dynasty, 275; first plebeian praetor, 279; pontifex maximus: see Coruncanius, Titus

Pliny, 51, 256; on spells and charms, 53, 57, 59, 60, 65, 66, 90, 186; on human sacrifice, 320; on death, 388, 400

Polybius, cited, 250, 253, 316, 363, 369, 390; on religion, 336

Pomoerium, 94, 214, 225, 230, 231

Pomona (or Pomunus), 122, 149; connection with Vertumnus, 485

Pompeianus, prefect of Rome, 309

Pomponius, 278, 289

Pons sublicius: no iron used in building, 35; Argei thrown from, 54, 105, 321

Pontifex Maximus, 175, 271, 280, 341; tabula kept by, 283; compelling power of, 342, 355

Pontifices, 120, 177, 200, 341; share in festivals, 106, 139; the question of their origin, 180, 195, 271; insignia of, 193; College of, 271; open to plebeians, 268, 271, 279; legal side of their work, 272-276; the XII. Tables, 58, 276-278, 289; self-elected, 276; abolition of legal monopoly, 279; work of, in third century B.C., 282; admission of new deities, 284; compilation of annals, 285; collection of religious formulae, 287; the Pontifical books, 76, 159, 182, 197, 283, 285-286

Porca praecidanea, rite of the, 121, 183, 191

Portunus, 118, 122

Poseidon, identified with Neptunus, 118

Posidonius, 250, 365, 367, 382-384, 398

Prayers, 76, 106, 126, 153, 215, 224, 225, 251; at the inauguratio of the priest-king Numa, 175; at making of new clearing, 169, 182; at sacrifices, 181-191; at flowering of the pear-trees, 182; when wine is offered, 182; for the ceremony of lustration, 183; form and manner of Roman, 185, 189, 196; magical survivals in, 188-189; in ritual of Ludi saeculares, 442, 449, 468