The Rules of Sociological Method by Émile Durkheim — book cover
Sociology, methodology · Sociology, philosophy

The Rules of Sociological Method by Émile Durkheim — Summary, Key Ideas & Quotes

2014288 pages3-min Big ideas
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What is The Rules of Sociological Method about?

Revised for the first time in over thirty years, this edition of Emile Durkheim’s masterful work on the nature and scope of sociology is updated with a new introduction and improved translation by leading scholar Steven Lukes that puts Durkheim’s work into context for the twenty-first century reader. The Rules of Sociological Method represents Emile Durkheim’s manifesto for sociology. He argues forcefully for the objective, scientific, and methodological underpinnings of sociology as a discipline and establishes guiding principles for future research. The substantial new introduction by leading Durkheim scholar Steven Lukes explains and sets into context Durkheim’s arguments. Lukes examines the still-controversial debates about The Rules of Sociological Method’s six chapters and explains their relevance to present-day sociology. The edition also includes Durkheim’s subsequent thoughts on method in the form of articles, debates with scholars from other disciplines, and letters. The original translation has been revised and reworked in order to make Durkheim’s arguments clearer and easier to read. This is an essential resource for students and scholars hoping to deepen their understanding of one of the pioneering voices in modern sociology and twentieth-century social thought.

A glimpse inside

Illustration for The Rules of Sociological Method
Social Facts as Things

Durkheim’s central claim is that 'social facts'—the norms, values, laws, and customs that exist outside the individual—should be treated as things, just like physical objects. This means sociologists must study them objectively, without imposing personal biases or moral judgments. By insisting on the reality and externality of social facts, Durkheim establishes sociology’s unique subject matter and separates it from psychology or philosophy.

Objectivity and Scientific Method

Durkheim argues that sociology must adopt a scientific approach, using systematic observation, comparison, and classification. He warns against relying on common sense or preconceived notions, advocating instead for rigorous, empirical investigation. This methodological rigor is what, in his view, legitimizes sociology as a science distinct from mere speculation.

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6 key ideas, distilled
  1. 1Social Facts as Things
  2. 2Objectivity and Scientific Method
  3. 3The Role of Explanation and Causality
  4. 4Normal and Pathological
  5. 5Autonomy of Sociology

Popular quotes from The Rules of Sociological Method

Social facts must be studied as things.
The first and most fundamental rule is: Consider social facts as things.

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Revised for the first time in over thirty years, this edition of Emile Durkheim’s masterful work on the nature and scope of sociology is updated with a new introduction and improved translation by leading scholar Steven Lukes that puts Durkheim’s work into context for the twenty-first century reader. The Rules of Sociological Method represents Emile Durkheim’s manifesto for sociology. He argues fo