12. Limit your ambition to what you can do.

But, notwithstanding these rules, John Burton did not live to a great age. He died of a painful internal disease on May 28th, 1907. He had eight children by his wife. One son, John, has a large earthenware establishment in Falmouth; another—the image of his father in face—carries on the "Old Curiosity Shop."

THE FATE OF SIR CLOUDESLEY SHOVEL

The life of Sir Cloudesley Shovel, Knt. and Admiral, must be given in few words, as his association with Cornwall was in his death and not in his birth and life.

He was born about the year 1650, of parents in Norfolk in a humble condition of life, and he was made a cobbler's apprentice, but, disliking this profession, ran away to sea. He was at first a cabin-boy with Sir Christopher Mynns; but, applying himself to the study of navigation with indefatigable industry, his skill as a seaman soon raised him above that station. The corsairs of Tripoli had for long committed great depredations on the English in the Mediterranean, plundering and capturing merchant vessels and carrying off the crews into slavery. Sir John Narborough was sent in 1674 to reduce them to reason. As he had received orders to try the effects of negotiation before he proceeded to hostilities, he sent Mr. Shovel, who was at that time a lieutenant in his fleet, to demand satisfaction. The Dey treated him with disrespect, and sent him back without an answer. Sir John despatched him a second time, with orders to observe the position of the piratical fleet in the harbour. The behaviour of the Dey was as insolent as possible. Upon Mr. Shovel's return he informed Sir John that it would be possible, notwithstanding the batteries commanding the harbour, to cut out or burn the ships therein, and he volunteered to command an expedition in boats for the purpose. His offer was accepted, and he managed to burn in the harbour, under the castle and walls of Tripoli, the guard-ship and four men-of-war belonging to the pirates of that place, and to force the Dey to accept such conditions of peace as Sir John Narborough was pleased to impose on him.

Sir John Narborough gave so favourable an account of this exploit, that Shovel was soon after made captain of the Sapphire, a fifth-rate ship.

In the skirmish of Bantry Bay, 1689, he was engaged, and won such scanty laurels as the unworthy Admiral Herbert allowed his fleet to deserve. James II had his Court in Dublin. A French fleet, commanded by the Count de Château-Renaud, had anchored in Bantry Bay, and had put on shore a large quantity of military stores and money. Herbert, who had been sent to those seas with an English squadron for the express purpose of intercepting the communications between France and Ireland, sailed into the bay with purpose of giving battle. But the wind was unfavourable, and Herbert was without dash and energy, and was a traitor at heart. After some trifling discharge of gunpowder, which caused no serious loss of life on either side, he deemed it prudent to stand out to sea, and allow the French fleet to retire unmolested.

But according to Herbert's report, a great victory had been gained by him, and the House of Commons, believing what he stated, absurdly passed a vote of thanks to him. We may well conceive the rage of heart and scorn of his admiral that consumed Shovel at the feeble attack and cowardly retreat. At the time he was commander of the Edgar, and was soon after knighted by King William.

Next year he was employed in transporting an army into Ireland, a service which he performed with such diligence and dexterity that the King raised him to the rank of Rear-Admiral of the Blue, and delivered to him his commission with his own hands. Soon after he was made Rear-Admiral of the Red, and shared in the glory of the victory of La Hogue. In 1694 he bombarded Dunkirk.

In 1702 he was sent with a squadron of about twenty men-of-war to join the Grand Fleet, and bring home the galleons and other rich boats taken by the Duke of Ormond and Sir George Rooke at Vigo.

The next year he was promoted to a higher post, being appointed as Commander-in-Chief of the Confederate Fleet in the Mediterranean, consisting of thirty-five English and fourteen Dutch men-of-war. On entering the Leghorn roads, the Governor refused to accord a royal salute. Sir Cloudesley peremptorily ordered the salute to be given, or to expect all the guns of the fleet to ask the question why it had not been at once accorded. The threat sufficed. In this expedition Sir Cloudesley sent two men-of-war to endeavour to supply the Camisards of the Cevennes with money, arms, and ammunition, but failed to obtain communication with them.

Soon after the battle off Malaga he was presented by Prince George of Denmark to Queen Anne; she received him graciously, and the next year employed him as Commander-in-Chief.

In the month of June, 1704, he had his share in the honour of taking Gibraltar; and by his admirable conduct, bravery, and success in the sea-fight that happened soon after, between the Confederate and French fleets, obliged the enemy's van to bear away out of the reach of his cannon, and the Count of Toulouse to follow the example of his van, and escape out of danger. Although in this action Sir Cloudesley was second in command, yet he won the principal credit for its success, and some months after was appointed Rear-Admiral of England.

In 1705 he commanded the fleet, together with the Earl of Portsmouth, which was sent into the Mediterranean, and it was mainly owing to him that Barcelona was taken.

After an unsuccessful attempt upon Toulon he sailed for Gibraltar, and from thence on Michaelmas Day homeward with a part of his fleet, consisting of fifteen men-of-war, five of a lesser rank, and one yacht. He was on the Association, Sir George Byng was commander on the Royal Arms, Lord Dursley on the S. George.

On the 22nd of October Sir Cloudesley Shovel being enveloped in fog, and taking soundings in ninety fathoms, he brought to and lay by from noon till six o'clock in the evening, when, as the wind freshened and blew from the S.S.W., he made signal for sailing. The fleet steered E. by N. and supposing that they had the Channel open some of the ships ran upon the rocks of Scilly, before they were aware, about eight o'clock at night, and at once made signals of distress. The Association, in which was Sir Cloudesley Shovel, struck upon the rocks near the Bishop and his Clerks, and went down with all hands on board.

The same fate befell the Eagle and the Romney. The Firebrand was likewise dashed upon the rocks and foundered; but the captain and four-and-twenty of his men saved themselves in a boat. And Captain Sansom, who commanded the Phœnix, being driven towards the shore, was forced to abandon his ship to save his men. The Royal Arms was saved by great presence of mind in both Sir George Byng and his officers and men, who in a minute, on perceiving the rocks not a ship's length to leeward, as well as those on which Sir Cloudesley Shovel was lost, set her topsails and sheered off. Nor had Lord Dursley, commanding the S. George, a less fortunate escape; for his ship was dashed upon the same reef as that on which the Association had been wrecked; but the same wave that beat out the lights of Sir Cloudesley's vessel lifted the S. George and floated it away.

A story has remained deeply engraved in the minds of the men of Scilly to the present day. It is to this effect:—

On the 22nd October, that same fatal day, a sailor, a native of Scilly, ventured to approach the admiral and tell him that he was steering too far to the northward, and that unless the course of the fleet was changed they could not fail to run her upon the rocks. For this act of insubordination Sir Cloudesley ordered the presumptuous adviser to be hanged at the yard-arm of his ship, the Association; and the only favour granted him, in mitigation of his punishment, was a compliance with the poor fellow's request that, before execution of the sentence, he should be allowed to read a portion of Scripture. The prayer granted, he read the 109th Psalm in which occur the imprecations: "Let his days be few; and let another take his office. Let his children be fatherless, and his wife a widow.... Let his posterity be destroyed, and in the next generation let his name be clean put out. Because his mind was not to do good, but persecuted the poor, helpless man, that he might slay him that was vexed at the heart."

The report of this atrocious act could have been communicated by only one man who was said to have escaped alive out of the crew of the Association. Now happily we know that no man was saved out of that vessel. The one man who was saved was George Laurence, quartermaster of the Romney, a North-countryman from near Hull, and a butcher by trade. Of him we learn something from the account of Mr. Edmund Herbert, Deputy Paymaster-General of the Marine Regiments, who was in Scilly in 1709, sent there with the object of trying to recover some of the property lost in the wreck, which had taken place two years before.

This fellow, says Herbert, was "a lusty fat man, but much battered with the rocks. Most of the captains, lieutenants, doctors, etc., of the squadron came on shore and asked him many questions in relation to the wreck, but not one man took pity on him, either to dress or order to be dressed his bruises, etc., whereof he had perished had not Mr. Ekins, a gentleman of the island, charitably taken him in; and a doctor of a merchant ship then in the road under convoy of Southampton searched his wounds and applied proper remedies."

Now it is obvious that this man could say nothing relative to what had happened on the Association. But we arrive at the origin of the story from what Herbert relates, and he alone. He says: "About one or two after noon on the 23rd (22nd) October Sir Cloudesley called a council and examined the masters what latitude they were in; all agreed to be in that of Ushant, on the coast of France, except Sir W. Jumper's master of the Lenox, who believed them to be nearer Scilly, and that in three hours (they) should be up in sight thereof. But Sir Cloudesley listened not to a single person whose opinion was contrary to the whole fleet. (They then altered their opinion and thought themselves on the coast of France, but a lad on board the — said the light they made was Scilly light, though all the ship's crew swore at and gave him ill language for it; howbeit he continued in his assertion, and that which they made (to be) a sail and a ship's lanthorn proved to be a rock and the light afore mentioned, which rock the lad called the Great Smith, of the truth of which at daybreak they were all convinced.)"

This is the small egg out of which so large a fable has hatched forth. The boy was probably drowned, and his parents or relations on Scilly, angry that his advice had not been taken and so the wreck avoided, felt resentment against Sir Cloudesley on this account, and little by little magnified the incident, and transmuted it from an error of judgment into a crime.

Beside Sir Cloudesley on board the Association were Lady Shovell's two sons by her first husband, Admiral Sir John Narborough. These were Sir John Narborough, Bart., and his brother James; Edmund Loader, the captain; also a nephew, the son of her first husband's sister; Henry Trelawny, second son of the Bishop of Winchester; and several other young gentlemen of good family.

After that Sir Cloudesley had adopted the prevailing opinion that the squadron was off Ushant; he detached the Lenox, La Valeur, and the Phœnix for Falmouth, with orders to take under convoy the merchant vessels waiting there bound eastward. These ships, following a north-easterly course, as had been determined on, soon found themselves among the myriad rocks and islets that lie to the south-west of the Scilly group, where the Phœnix sustained so much damage that her captain and crew only saved the ship and themselves by running her ashore on the sands between Tresco and S. Martin's Islands. The Lenox and La Valeur were fortunately able to beat through to Broad Sound, an anchorage to the west of the principal islands, where they remained till break of day on the ensuing morning. Then they discovered where they were, and sailed for Falmouth, in the direction in which they now knew that it lay, and arrived there on the 25th, bringing news of the wreck of the Phœnix, but knowing nothing of the mishap to the vessels of the squadron from which they had been detached.

J. Addison, in a letter dated October 31st, 1707, wrote: "Yesterday we had the news that the body of Sir Cloudesley Shovel was found on the coast of Cornwall. The fishermen, who were searching among the rocks, took a tin-box out of the pocket of one of the carcasses that was floating, and found in it the commission of an Admiral, upon which, examining the body more closely, they found it was poor Sir Cloudesley. You may guess the conditions of his unhappy wife, who lost, in the same ship with her husband, her two only sons by Sir John Narborough."

In an article on Sir Cloudesley by Mr. S. R. Pattison, in the Journal of the R. Inst. of Cornwall, October, 1864, he says: "On a recent visit to the site of Sir Cloudesley's first burial place, on the inner shore of Porthellic Cove, we were informed by our guides—fishermen and pilots—that the body of the unfortunate Admiral when washed ashore was on a grating, on which was also the dead body of his faithful Newfoundland dog. They are said to have been found, early in the morning after the wreck, by a woman named Thomas, then living at Sallakey farm—a short distance from the Cove. Mrs. Thomas immediately gave information and procured assistance from Sallakey, and the body of the unfortunate hero was buried at the inmost part of the Cove, near the junction of the shingle and the herbage, but within and at right angles with the latter. And here it remains, conspicuous from no inconsiderable distance, without a particle of verdure to obscure the brilliancy of the white shingle which occupies its space, in marked contrast with the dense herbage by which it is surrounded on three of its sides. Our guides asserted that this strange appearance of the grave is due to an imprecation uttered upon Sir Cloudesley a few hours previous to the wreck, and (as they, with other Scillonians, superstitiously believe) with more than human power of prophecy. The islanders assert that ever since the body of a cruel tyrant, as they deem the hero, rested in this grave, grass has never grown upon its surface, and they are confident it never will grow there."

"Sir Cloudesley Shovel's body being the next day after this misfortune taken up by some country fellows, was stripped and buried in the sand. But on inquiry made by the boats of the Salisbury and Antelope, it was discovered where he was hid; from whence being taken out, and the earth wash'd off, he appeared as fresh as if alive, tho' he had lain interr'd from the 23rd to the 26th, on which day he was brought on board the Salisbury, embowell'd, and the 28th of that month brought into Plymouth, from whence he was afterwards carried to London. This was the fatal end of one of the greatest sea-commanders of our age, or, indeed, that ever this island produced. Of undaunted courage and resolution, of wonderful presence of mind in the hottest engagements, and of consummate skill and experience. But more than all this, he was a just, frank, generous, honest, good man. He was the artificer of his own fortune, and by his personal merit alone, from the lowest, rais'd himself almost to the highest station in the navy of Great Britain."

But we have a much more detailed and accurate account of the finding of the body in the narrative of Mr. Edmund Herbert: I do not give the contractions as in the original. "Sir Cloudesley Shovell [was] cast away October 23rd [actually on the evening of the 22nd], being Wednesday, between six and seven at night, off Guilstone, [and] was found on shoar [at Porthellick Cove] in S. Marie's Island, stript of his shirt, which by confession was known to have been done by two women, which shirt had his name at the gusset at his waist; where by order of Mr. Harry Pennick, [it] was buried four yards off the sands; which place I myself viewed, and as was by his grave, came the said woman that first saw him after he was stript. His ring was also lost from off his hand, which last, however, left the impression on his finger, as also of a second. The Lady Shovell offered a considerable reward to any one [who] should recover it for her, and in order thereto wrote Captain Benedick Dennis, Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the Islands of Scilly, giving him a particular description thereof, who used his utmost diligence, both by fair and foul means, though could not hear of it. Sir Cloudesley had on him a pair of thread stockings and a thread waistcoat. Mr. Child [Paxton] of the Arundell caused him to be taken up, and knew him to be Sir Cloudesley by a certain black mole under his left ear, as also by the first joint of one of his forefingers being broken inwards formerly by playing at tables; the said joint of his finger was also small and taper, as well as standing somewhat inwards; he had likewise a shot in his right arm, another in his left thigh. Moreover, he was well satisfied that it was he, for he was as fresh when his face was washed as if only asleep; his nose likewise bled as though alive.... Many that saw him said his head was the largest that ever they had seen, and not at all swelled with the water, neither had he any bruise or scar about him, save only a small scratch above one of his eyes like that of a pin. He was a very lusty, comely man, and very fat."

Nearly 1800 lives were lost in this disastrous shipwreck. The Association, the Eagle, and the Romney were totally lost with every soul on board save the one we have already heard of. The Firebrand had struck and foundered, but her captain and seventeen men were saved in a boat, and two more of her crew got on shore on pieces of the wreck.

Sir Cloudesley's was the first body that came on shore, and there was a woman who at once stripped it and robbed it of its rings. One of these was a fine emerald set with diamonds, which is said to have been given to the Admiral by his intimate friend and comrade, James Lord Dursley, who so nearly shared his fate in the S. George. Although strict inquiries were made for this ring, no tidings could be heard of it. Lady Shovel then granted a pension for life to the woman and her husband who had found the body. Many years after a terrible confession was made by a dying woman to a clergyman of S. Mary's Island. She said that the Admiral had been cast ashore exhausted and faint, but still living, and that she had squeezed the life out of him for the sake of his clothes and his rings. She produced the long-missing emerald hoop, and gave it to the clergyman, saying that she had been afraid to sell it lest it should lead to a discovery of her guilt, and she added that she could not die in peace until she had made this full confession. This disclosure was made between the years 1732 and 1736, after the death of Lady Shovel. The ring was sent to Lord Dursley, who became Earl of Berkeley in 1701, and from him it descended to his grandson, Sir George Cranfield Berkeley, and in the possession of one of his descendants it still remains, but has unfortunately been converted into a locket.

The History of the Reign of Queen Anne, 1708, says that on "December 23rd was performed the interment of Sir Cloudesley Shovell, whose body, after having lain in state for many days, at the Queen's expense, was conveyed from his late dwelling-house in Soho Square, to the Abbey of Westminster, where it was buried with all pomp and magnificence suitable to her Majesty's high regard to the remains of so brave and faithful a commander. There were at the ceremony the Queen's trumpets, kettle-drums, and household drums, with other music; the Queen's and the Prince's watermen in their liveries, most of the nobility's coaches with six horses, and flag-officers that were in town, and the Prince's Council, the Heralds-at-Arms, and the Knights' Marshal men."

Sir Cloudesley, by his wife, the widow of Sir John Narborough, left two daughters, of whom the elder, Elizabeth, married first, 1708, Sir Robert Marsham, Bart., who was created Baron Romney in 1716; and, secondly, Lord Carmichael, afterwards Earl of Hyndford. The second daughter, Anne, married in 1718 the Hon. Robert Mansel; and, secondly, John Blackwood, Esq., by whom she had Shovell Blackwood, of Pitreavie, Fife, N.B., and of Crayford, Kent, and a daughter.

Elizabeth, who married Sir Robert Marsham, had issue Robert, second Baron Romney, and the Hon. Elizabeth Marsham, who married Sir Jacob Bouverie, third Baronet, created Viscount Folkestone in 1747, as his second wife, and by him had the Hon. Philip Bouverie, who assumed the name of Pusey, and so became the ancestress of Dr. Pusey.

Among those lost as well as Sir Cloudesley Shovel was, as already stated, Henry, son of Sir Jonathan Trelawny, Bart., Bishop of Winchester.

A letter from John Ben, of S. Hilary, dated November 16th, 1707, describing the finding of his body, has been printed in the second volume of the Penzance Natural History Society. I give it in modern spelling.

It was addressed to the father of the young man who perished.

"MY LORD,

"Your Lordship's commands having been signified to my brother at Scilly, he immediately made the strictest inquiry that was possible, all the bodies that had been thrown ashore and buried, and being told of one buried at Agnes about Mr. Trelawny's age, was resolved to have him taken up in order to view him, whether it was he or no. He had seen the young gentleman at Torbay, but not willing to depend on his own judgment, desired the Captain of the Phœnix fire-ship that was stranded there, who knew Mr. Trelawny intimately well all the voyage, to go with him. As soon as they had the body up, they found it actually to be the same, though somewhat altered, having been buried eleven days, and in the water four; however, the captain presently knew him, and my brother took care to have the body brought over to S. Mary's, and interred it in the chancel of the church there the 8th instant, with all the marks of respect and honour the island could show on such an occasion, some captains and the best of the inhabitants being present at the funeral. My brother took of his hair, being cut and that so close that the left lock was not left to send over, and there is no room to doubt but 'twas the body of poor Mr. Henry Trelawny. It has not been his good luck as yet to meet with anything belonging to him, but whatever of the nature happens to come to his hand or knowledge your lordship will be sure to have a faithful account of it. They can say nothing in particular touching Sir Cloudesley's loss, only the man saved out of the Romney tells that Sir Cloud was to the windward of all the ships, and fired three guns when he struck, and immediately went down, as the Romney a little after did. Upon hearing the guns, the rest of the fleet that were directly bearing on the same rocks changed their course, and stood more to the southward, or else, in all probability, they had run the same fate, which is never enough to be admired; and 'twas possible men of so much experience could be mistaken in their reckoning, after they had the advantage of a great deal of fair weather beforehand, and no bad weather when they were lost. There is a great quantity of timber all round the islands and abundance of sails and rigging just about the place where the ships sunk, and a mast, one end a little above water, which makes them conclude an entire ship to be foundered there, because all the force they can procure is not able to move the mast. The Eagle most certainly is lost too, and I wish no other of the squadron may be wanting; besides those, though I am heartily sorry for the loss poor England has sustained of so many men and in a most particular manner for the share your lordship has."

In a postscript Mr. Ben adds:—

"The Hound came from Scilly yesterday, and was very near being taken, having three privateers behind and two before her, but she escaped by creeping along the shore, where they would not adventure."

The authorities for the loss of the Association and the finding of the body of Sir Cloudesley are many:—

The Shipwreck of Sir Cloudesley Shovell, by Jas. Herbert Cooke, F.S.A., Gloucester, 1883, with portrait and map; The History of the Reign of Queen Anne, 1708; Secret Memoirs of the Life of Sir Cloudesley Shovell, London, 1708; The Life and Glorious Actions of Sir Cloudesley Shovell, Knt., London, 1709; "Sir Cloudesley Shovell," by S. R. Pattison, in the Journal of the Royal Institute of Cornwall, 1864; "Sir Cloudesley Shovel," by T. Quiller-Couch, ibid., 1866.

FOOTNOTES:

The History of the Reign of Queen Anne, 1708, p. 242.

Cooke (J. H.), The Shipwreck of Sir Cloudesley Shovell, Gloucester, 1883. For the account of the confession of the woman he refers to an original letter of the second Lord Romney to Captain Locker, now in the possession of the Earl of Romney.

FRANCIS TREGIAN

The Tregion or Tregian family was one of great antiquity and large landed estates in Cornwall. Indeed, in the reign of Elizabeth it was estimated that the landed property brought in £3000 per annum, which represents a very much larger sum now. Their principal seat was Wolvedon, or Golden, in the parish of Probus, and this, when Leland wrote in the reign of Henry VIII, was in process of being built with great magnificence. But bad days were in store for some of the Cornish families that would not accept the changes in religion.

Carew, in his Survey of Cornwall, 1602, speaking of Tregarrick, then the residence of Mr. Buller, the sheriff, says: "It was sometime the Wideslade's inheritance, until the father's rebellion forfeited it," and the "son then led a walking life with his harp to gentlemen's houses, where-through, and by his other active qualities, he was entitled Sir Tristram; neither wanted he (as some say) a belle Isounde, the more aptly to resemble his pattern."

The rebellion referred to was the rising in the West against the religious innovations, that was put down so ruthlessly.

During the first years of Elizabeth there had been no persecution of the Papists. Such as would not conform to the Church of England as reformed were allowed to have priests to say Mass in their own private chapels. But after Pius V, on April 27th, 1570, had issued a Bull of excommunication against the Queen, depriving her of her title to the crown, and absolving her subjects from their oaths of allegiance; and when it became evident that insurrections were being provoked by secret agents from Rome in all directions, Elizabeth's patience was at an end, and stringent laws were passed against those who should enter England as missionary priests armed with this Bull and with dispensations, as also against all such as should harbour them.

On S. Bartholomew's Day, August 24th, 1572, had taken place a massacre of the Huguenots in Paris and throughout France, and this had been cordially approved by Pope Gregory XIII, who had had a medal struck to commemorate what he considered a meritorious deed. There could exist no doubt that the Papal emissaries in England were encouraged to assassinate the Queen, though evidence to that effect was not obtained till later.

On June 8th, 1577, Sir Richard Grenville of Stow, sheriff of Cornwall, accompanied by some of his justices of peace, arrived at Wolvedon to search the house for Cuthbert Mayne, a priest who had arrived in England, and who, it was supposed, was harboured by Mr. Francis Tregian.

A hasty and superficial investigation was made, and no seminary priest could be found. Then Mr. Tregian invited the whole party in to dine with him, and when they had been well regaled, and were somewhat flushed with wine, Tregian foolishly joked with the sheriff for hunting and finding nothing. Sir Richard started up and vowed he would make a further inquest, and that more thorough, and, finally, concealed in a hole under a turret, Cuthbert Mayne was discovered, drawn forth, and with him Tregian, for having harboured him, was sent to Launceston gaol, there to await trial.

"In the gaol aforesaid, he was laid in a most loathsome and lousy dungeon, laden with irons, deprived of the use of writing, and bereaved of the comfort of reading, neither permitted that any man might talk with him touching any matter whatsoever, but by special licence and in presence of the keeper."

The assizes were held at Launceston on the 16th September, 1577, when indictments were made against Cuthbert Mayne; Francis Tregian, Esq.; Richard Tremaine, gentleman, of Tregonnan; John Kempe, gentleman, of Rosteague; Richard Hore, gentleman, of Trenoweth, and others. Cuthbert Mayne for high treason: the others fell under the Statute of Præmunire, and later and more specific acts.

The Statute of Præmunire was but one of several that had been enacted from the time of Edward III, against papal interference with the affairs of England. The Statute of Præmunire was passed in 1393. "Whoever procures at Rome or elsewhere, any translations, processes, excommunications, bulls, instruments, or other things which touch the King, against him, his crown, and realms, and all persons aiding and assisting therein, shall be put out of the King's protection, their lands and goods forfeited to the King's use, and they shall be attached by their bodies to answer to the King and his Counsel: or process of præmunire facias shall be made out against them, as in any other case of prisoners."

The Bull that had been found in the possession of Cuthbert Mayne was one from Pope Gregory XIII granting plenary absolution from all their sins to English Papists, as they were unable to attend the Pope's jubilee at Rome, on condition that they should recite the Rosary fifteen times.

The Bull might very well have been treated with the contempt it merited, but the fact of the possession of such a document by Cuthbert Mayne was enough to procure his condemnation, as it was against the laws of England, and had been so for over one hundred and eighty years.

The other gentlemen were liable either as having received Cuthbert Mayne into their houses, or as having heard him say Mass, and as absenting themselves from their parish church.

Here came in the sharpened provisions enacted under Henry VIII and Elizabeth.

As Judge Marwood said at the trial: "We have not to do with your papistical use in absolving of sins. You may keep it to yourselves, and although the date of the Bull was expired and out of force, as you have alleged, so was it always out of force with us, for we never did, or never do account any such thing to be of force or worth a straw, and yet the same is by law of this realm treason, and therefore thou hast deserved to die."

The main indictment ran as follows:—

"Thou Cuthbert Maine art accused for that thou, the 1st October, in the eighteenth year of our Sovereign lady the Queen that now is, did traitorously obtain from the See of Rome a certain instrument printed, containing a pretended matter of absolution of divers subjects of the realm. The tenour of the which instrument doth follow in these words: Gregorius Episcopus, servus servorum Dei, etc., contrary to the form of a certain statute in the thirteenth year of our Sovereign lady the Queen, lately made and published, and contrary to her peace, crown, and dignity. And that you," meaning the rest, "after the said instrument obtained as aforesaid, and knowing the said Cuthbert Maine to have obtained the same from the Apostolic See, the 30th day of April, in the nineteenth of our said Sovereign the Queen's reign, at Golden aforesaid, did aid, maintain, and comfort the said Cuthbert Maine, of purpose and intent to extol and set forth the usurped power and authority of a foreign Prelate, that is to say, the Bishop of Rome, teaching and concerning the execution of the premises, contrary to the said statute and published as aforesaid, and contrary to the place of our Sovereign lady the Queen, her crown and dignity."

There were other indictments, as that Cuthbert Mayne and these laymen had refused to attend service in the parish church, and that the priest had brought over a number of "vain things," such as an Agnus Dei in silver or stone, which had been blessed by the Pope and had been accepted by the laymen.

They all pleaded "Not guilty," but the evidence against them sufficed for the jury to find that they were guilty, whereupon Cuthbert Mayne was condemned to death, and the rest to forfeit all their lands and property and to be imprisoned.

"Whereupon there was a warrant sent unto the Sheriff of Cornwall for the execution of Cuthbert Maine. The day assigned for the same purpose was dedicated unto S. Andrew; but on the eve before, all the Justices of that County, with many preachers of the pretended reformed religion, being gathered together at Launceston, Cuthbert Maine was brought before them, his legs being not only laden with mighty irons, but his hands also fast fettered together (in which miserable case he had also remained many days before), when he maintained disputation with them concerning the controversy in religion all this day in question, from eight of the clock in the morning until it was almost dark night, continually standing, no doubt in great pain in that pitiful plight, on his feet."

How that could be a great crime to distribute some trumpery toys of crystal, and silver medals marked with the Agnus Dei, one fails to see, but it is possible that they may have been regarded as badges, pledging those who received them to combine in a rebellion against the State, and perhaps also to unite in an assassination plot. That there was such a plot appeared afterwards from the confession of Father Tyrrell. At this time it was suspected, but not proved. That harsh and cruel treatment was dealt out to these men, we cannot doubt, but, as Mr. Froude remarks, "were a Brahmin to be found in the quarters of a Sepoy regiment scattering incendiary addresses, he would be hanged also."

There were in all seven indictments.

At first Francis Tregian had not been committed to gaol, but he was so shortly after, was brought to trial, and was sentenced to the spoiling of his goods and to a lifelong imprisonment.

Barbarous as these persecutions and sentences seem to us to-day, there was some justification for the Queen and Council at the time, surrounded as they were with dangers.

The Papal Bull of excommunication had encouraged the supporters of Mary, Queen of Scots, and plots were made on her behalf which were a constant source of alarm to Elizabeth. One of these plots was managed by an Italian named Ridolfi; the Duke of Norfolk had a share in it, and was executed in consequence in 1572. The great fear was lest France or Spain should take advantage of the situation to invade England, while Mary's friends raised insurrections at home. Mary's friends were active in all parts. Numbers of young Popish priests, trained to hostility towards Elizabeth, were pouring into the country, and conspiracies against her life were numerous, explaining, though in no degree justifying the stringent laws against seminary priests and recusants.

To return to Cuthbert Mayne.

"Wherefore, according to the judgment he had received, the next day he was uneasily laid on a hurdle, and so drawn, receiving some knocks on his face and his fingers with a girdle, unto the market-place of the said town, where of purpose there was a very high gibbet erected, and all things else, both fire and knives, set to the show and ready prepared.

"At which place of execution, when he came, he was first forced to mount the ladder backward, and after permitted to use very few words. Notwithstanding he briefly opened the cause of his condemnation, and protested, that his master (Mr. Tregian) was never privy with his having of these things whereupon he was condemned—the Jubilee and the Agnus Dei; then one of the justices, interrupting his talk, commanded the hangman to put the rope about his neck, and then, quoth he, let him preach afterward. Which done, another commanded the ladder to be overturned, so as he had not the leisure to recite In manus tuas Domine to the end. With speed he was cut down, and with the fall had almost ended his life, for the gibbet being very high, and he being yet in the swing when the rope was cut, he fell in such sort, as his head encountered the scaffold which was there prepared of purpose to divide the quarters, as the one side of his face was sorely bruised, and one of his eyes far driven out of his head.

"After he was cut down, the hangman first spoiled him of his clothes, and then in butcherly manner, opening his belly, he rent up his bowels, and after tore out his heart, which he held up aloft in his hand, showing it unto the people. Lastly, his head was cut off, and his body divided into four quarters, which afterwards were dispersed and set up on the Castle of Launceston; one quarter sent unto Bodmin; another to Barnstaple; the third to Tregony, not a mile distant from Mr. Tregian's house; the fourth to Wadebridge."

Not only was Francis Tregian adjudged to forfeit his goods, but he was also prosecuted by a goldsmith, who claimed a debt of £70.

Accordingly he was sent up to London to the King's Bench prison, "strongly guarded by a ruffianly sort of bloody blue-coats, with bows, bills, and guns"; and the arms of Tregian were pinioned behind his back with cords. With him were associated the other Papists; and they met with insult and harsh treatment all the way to London. There he was again tried and cast into prison.

We are gravely informed that before these calamities befell Francis Tregian, a premonition of coming woes had been given to his wife.

"Mr. Tregian, her husband, not many days after they were first married, enforced for ten months to follow the Lords of the Council, his wife always in the mean season lying with a very virtuous maid, a sister of her husband's, it chanced that one night looking for fleas, as the manner of women is, she espied in her smock sundry spots, the which she perceived to carry the shape of sundry crosses. Whereat she, much marvelling, besought her sister to behold the same; whereupon, when both had long looked and wondered, at length endeavouring to number them, they found contained in the same smock no less than one hundred and twenty-five crosses, and after, upon more curious search, they likewise found sundry other, both on her pillow and in her sheets."

This omen of coming evil was now verified, but not by flea-bites. Francis Tregian remained in prison cruelly treated, and when he attempted to make his escape, manacled and fettered in a loathsome dungeon. From his cell he wrote in verse to his wife, but did not display much brilliancy of poetic art.

My wont is not to write in verse, You know, good wife, I wis. Wherefore you well may bear with me, Though now I write amiss; For lack of ink the candle coal, For pen a pin I use, The which also I may allege In part of my excuse. For said it is of many men And such as are no fools, A workman is but little worth If he do want his tools; Though tools I have wherewith in sort My mind I may disclose, They are, in truth, more fit to paint A nettle than a rose.

And so on, never rising to a higher level.

But his wife was allowed to visit him, and indeed reside with him in prison. "And although through the rigour of authority they have been often separated, sometimes two months, sometimes seven, sometimes more, she hath borne him, notwithstanding, eleven children since he was first imprisoned. Some are dead, but the most part are alive."

Francis Tregian was first committed to prison in the twenty-eighth year of his age, and in the year 1595, when he had been about sixteen years in prison, some notes were drawn up concerning him, from which some quotations may be made.

In all the sixteen years' space he had never been permitted to enjoy the benefit of the open air otherwise than when being removed from one prison to another. He was first imprisoned at Launceston, then was removed to Windsor Castle; thence removed to the Marshalsea, and then again carried back to Launceston Castle. Then he was conveyed to the King's Bench prison, and lastly to the Fleet.

For seven or eight years together he enjoyed good health; "but in the end, through cares, studies, filthy diet, most stinking air, and want of exercise, he became very sickly, and so continued by the space of six or seven years; notwithstanding at this present the state of his body is much mended, and is like to recover his perfect health."

His mother was the eldest sister of Sir John Arundell, Knight, of Lanherne. His great-grandmother was one of the daughters of Thomas Grey, Marquis of Dorchester, half-brother to Queen Elizabeth, the wife of King Henry VII, and daughter of Edward IV. He married the eldest sister of Lord Stourton. His wife's mother was eldest sister of the Earl of Derby. Francis Tregian remained in prison eighteen years, and was finally released by order of Queen Elizabeth in or about 1597, after which he lived in London on the bounty of his friends.

His son, Francis, managed to repossess himself, by the assistance of some of his friends and relatives, by purchase of some portion of the ancestral property, but in January, 1608, owing to the hostility provoked by the Gunpowder Plot against the Papists, the family was again plundered of the estates, and when the Heralds' Visitation of Cornwall was taken in 1620, the family had disappeared from the list of the landed and heraldic gentry.

Francis Tregian, the elder, at last retired to Lisbon, where he died on the 25th September, 1608. He was allowed by the King of Portugal sixty crowns a month. On his tombstone it was stated, falsely, that he had endured twenty-eight years of imprisonment in England. As a specimen of the malignant lies that were spread abroad relative to Queen Elizabeth, is this—given in a life of Francis Tregian by Francis Plunket, son of one of his daughters:—

"Aulam Elizabethæ adit ... Regina per pedissequam illum invitat ad cubiculum, intempesta nocte; recusantem adit, lectoque assistens ad impudica provocat; rennentem increpat. Castitati suæ cusam gerens ex Aula se proripuit, insalutata Regina; quæ idcirco furit, et in carcerem detrudi jubet."

Such words fill one with disgust and indignation against the pack from Rheims and Rome, who, unable to reach the Queen with their daggers, bespattered her with foul words.

The Life of Francis Tregian was published in Portuguese, at Lisbon, by Francis Plunket, in 1655. The narrative of his imprisonment, written in 1593, is published in extenso by J. Morris, The Troubles of our Catholic Forefathers, 1st series, London, 1872, from the original MS. in S. Mary's College, Oscott.

A summary is in C. S. Gilbert's Historical Survey of Cornwall, 1817.

ANN GLANVILLE

Saltash was formerly a very much more important place than it is to-day. Now the tubular bridge of Brunel connects Cornwall and Devon, and railway trains slip along it, making communication with Plymouth from Cornwall easy and speedy. It was not so in former times. Then travellers from the West on their way to Plymouth or to London, if they did not go by coach by the great highway from Falmouth, by Bodmin and Launceston, were brought up by the strip of blue water that formed the estuary of the Tamar and Tavy, called the Hamoaze, and there, after halting at Saltash they were forced to cross in the ferry or by boat. Saltash signifies the Saltwater—ash = usk, and Hamoaze is the Border water, oaze = usk as well.

The Saltash boatmen plied a good trade, conveying over the passengers from Cornwall to Devon. Moreover, houses were cheap at Saltash, and old salts lived there, where they could smell the sea air, and every now and then crossed into Plymouth to do their shopping. From time immemorial there had been boat-races in the Hamoaze, and the women of Saltash were not behind the men at plying the oar.

Mr. Whitfeld in his Three Towns' History says:—

"The Saltash festival was by no means wholly intended for the encouragement of the males, for the 'ladies' feathered their oars with such dexterity that few of the opposite sex would enter the lists against them. Before the races for these damsels of uncertain age were started, blue favours were tied round their white caps by members of the committee. The fair rowers were attired in short white bedgowns and blue cap-guards, and their gigs shot around the course of five miles 'like so many birds.' From a sporting point of view the feature of the first regatta was a life or death competition between Jacky Gould and the Glanvilles. If Jacky's boat, Miller's Daughter, was the crack, Alarm was scarcely inferior, and Paul Pry was a first-class craft. Crash! went the starting-gun, and the competitors dashed away with a flood tide and a breeze from the northward. When they left on their ten-mile course one vast shout went up, the boats flew as instinct with life, every nerve on the stretch. The first five miles were covered in thirty minutes, and as the boats turned the committee vessel there were deafening shouts of 'Bravo, Jacky.' 'Well done, Glanville!' Then these hearts-of-oak flashed on their second round, and excitement intensified as the telescope reported progress. When the boats reappeared the suspense broke into a feverish roar, and calls to the rivals were tossed like corks on a sea of voices. Swiftly they drew near, the boats in a line, the interest increased to painful intensity as the race was neck-and-neck. The judge stood by, red-hot poker in hand, and as the bow of the Alarm, pulled by the Glanvilles, first touched the hawsers of the committee vessel, Bang! went the signal gun; 'See the Conquering Hero' burst from the band, and hundreds clustered round to congratulate the victors, and condole with Jacky Gould, who was only five seconds behind, though the boat was two feet shorter, and one of his crew had broken an oar."

The Glanvilles were amphibious—or rather lived almost wholly on the water during the day, only returning to the land for sleep at night.

The name is old. The first Glanvilles of whom we know anything authentic were located at Whitchurch, near Tavistock, where they were tanners, but a Judge Glanville raised the family to a higher position, in the reign of Elizabeth. Some, however, remained in a modest position, as did these boatmen of Saltash, and as did a huntsman to the late Mr. Kelly, of Kelly.

There occurred a terrible tragedy in the family, when Eulalia Glanville, niece of the Judge, murdered her husband, old John Page, a merchant of Plymouth, and was burnt alive for the crime, as one of petty treason, at Barnstaple, in 1591.

In 1824 at the regatta was offered a prize of £8 for a four-oared race for women, but no Glanville was in that. Ten years later, in 1834, at the regatta £20 was offered for boats sculled by women, and in this pulled a Mary Glanville. But the queen of women scullers of the Glanville stock was Ann, and she only entered it by marriage, by birth a Warring. Mr. P. E. B. Porter, in his Around and About Saltash, 1905, thus describes her:—

"Ann Glanville was undoubtedly a remarkable woman for many reasons. Only such a place as Saltash, in such a naval port as this, could have produced a character like it. Only such a country as England could have produced such a woman. She was a genuine representative of Saltash in its great nautical days, when it was alive with business. The British tar was to her the ideal of a man and the very highest type of a hero. Into whatever trouble Jack got when ashore, however he might have been forsaken by all else in his reckless frivolity, he never wanted for a backer if Ann Glanville was near. And there was not a ship in the navy, in those days, that had not some story to tell of Ann's life and energy, and in which her name was not cherished as only a British sailor can cherish the memory of a friend. In a perfectly true sense, Ann Glanville was a mother to the British tar indiscriminately; she was known as Mother, and called Mother, by all."

Ann was born at Saltash in 1796, and was the daughter of a man named Warring or Werring. She married a man several years her junior in years, and by him became the mother of fourteen children. He was a waterman, she a waterwoman, and their children, every boy and girl, water-babies.

He had his boat, and when he was otherwise engaged—nursing the children, for instance, or merry-making in the tavern—she rowed across to Devonport.

Not passengers only, but goods were conveyed to and from Plymouth by the boats. Corn, crockery, drapery, everything except live cattle went in them. These latter by the ferry. Sometimes she rowed out officers to their ships, sometimes conveyed play-actors over from Plymouth into Cornwall, and on the great event of the elections at Saltash, candidates, electors, pot-boilers, political orators. Meat and vegetables went over in these boats to Plymouth market: a gentleman remembers Ann bringing round as many as seventy or eighty bags of corn in her boat from South Pool, pulling the great cargo alone, conveying it from Sutton Pool to Butt's Head Mill, a point two miles above Saltash.

Ann's husband fell ill and was long confined to bed, and the house and then the whole burden of supporting the family fell to her. But she had strong arms and a stouter heart, and managed not only to keep the wolf from the door, but the doctor as well.

"Have you got a doctor here, or have you to send over to Plymouth for one?" she was asked.

"Well, I believe there may be one here, but, thank God, here us most commonly dies a natural death."

Ann's fame as a rower at regattas spread throughout England. Some sixty or seventy years ago the crew of Saltash women was one of the most important features, not only in the Hamoaze, but all over the county wherever aquatic sports were given. She always rowed stroke. It was very rarely that Ann and her crew were beaten in a match—never by other women. The strength and endurance of these women, and their daring in accepting challenges and in the contests on the water, attracted universal attention. They competed for prizes at Hull, Liverpool, Portsmouth, Dartmouth, etc., and it must not be supposed that a male crew yielded the palm to them out of masculine courtesy, for the men did not at all relish being beaten by a "parcel o' females," as they were sure to have the fact thrown in their teeth afterwards.

Mrs. Harriet Screech, a daughter of Ann Glanville, rowed along with her mother in some of these contests, pulling the bow-oar, the least arduous post, assigned to her as the youngest of the crew. When engaged in a match at Fleetwood before the Queen, they gave the men so sound a beating that Her Majesty requested to have Ann presented to her.

But the most famous event of her life took place in 1850, when Captain Russell, of H.M.S. Brunswick, suggested to her that she and her crew should go over to Havre to the regatta there and challenge the Johnny Crapauds. She was quite prepared, and started under the escort of Captain Russell.

When the Frenchmen heard of the challenge from les Anglaises de Saltashe, they shrugged their shoulders, and hardly regarded it as serious. And when the strong, muscular women appeared in their white-frilled caps prinked out with blue ribbon, their short petticoats, white dresses, with a blue neckerchief tied over the shoulders and crossed behind the back, they looked puzzled.

Mr. Porter says: "The challenge of the English captain created a stir not only in Havre, but for miles around the French coast, and for many leagues inland too. In England great interest was felt in the forthcoming match, and in a short time it assumed a kind of international character. Thus when the regatta day came there was a vast concourse of people to witness the contest. Every quay, hill-top, and house-roof whence a view of the course could be obtained was crowded. All were on the tiptoe of expectation for les Anglaises.... Before the start the Saltash crew had a pull round 'to show themselves,' and when their steady stroke was seen, how they bent their backs to the work, yet with what perfect ease and grace they pulled, our French friends opened their eyes wider than usual. Ann and her crew had not the fairest start possible, nor had they the advantage at first. Six boats were ahead of them five minutes after the start. But they soon tested their opponents. After a little opening play to get into trim, Ann, who had the stroke oar, gave the word, 'Bend your backs to it, maidens; and hoorah for old England!' One by one the French boats were passed with a cheer from old Ann. At length the Saltash boat, with the British colours flying gaily at the fore, took the leading position. It was a long course and a hard pull, but the Frenchmen were soundly thrashed. Ann and her 'maidens' beat them by one hundred yards."

However gallant Frenchmen may be, they did not at all relish this beating.

The names of the crew were Ann Glanville, Harriet Hosking, Jane House, and Amelia Lee. A man acted as coxswain.

Mrs. House was so elated at the victory that on reaching the committee boat she plunged into the water, dived under the vessel, and came up with dripping and drooping nightcap on the opposite side.

When the Prince of Wales, our present King, and the Duke of Edinburgh came into Plymouth Sound in connection with the building of the new Eddystone Lighthouse, Ann was sent for. A steam launch was despatched to convey her to the vessel, where were their Highnesses, and she dined on board. Lord Charles Beresford always entertained a high regard for her, and never came to Plymouth without visiting her. During her last illness she had his likeness placed on one side of her bed, and that of her deceased husband on the other.

She died in 1880 at the age of eighty-five. In person Ann Glanville was tall, firmly and vigorously built, not stout, straight about the bust and waist. When young she must have been good-looking, for when old her face was handsome and always possessed great dignity. The mouth was firm. There was a kindly light in her grey eyes. She was always fond of a joke, and her character was summed up by a neighbour: "Her was honest to a farthing, clean as a smelt, and kind-hearted as a queen."

FOOTNOTE:

Her mother was married three times—first to Warring, second to Vosper, third to Geo. Buckingham.

JONATHAN SIMPSON, HIGHWAYMAN

This great rascal was born at Launceston in 1654 of respectable parents, and his father, who was well-off, apprenticed him to a linen draper at Bristol when he was fourteen years of age. When he had served out his time, which he did with the repute of being a steady, industrious youth, his father gave him fifteen hundred pounds wherewith to set up in Bristol. About a year after he unhappily married a woman who was the cause of his downfall and finally of his death. She had two thousand pounds of her own, and this added to what he already possessed promised him a considerable extension of his business with corresponding profits.

But the girl he had chosen for his wife had previously engaged herself to a young man of small means, and her parents had forced her into marriage with Simpson as being better off and with good prospects. She resented her compulsory marriage, and did not disguise her indifference to her husband. Although her former lover, in a fit of disgust at his rejection, had also married, Simpson ascertained that they corresponded.

Determined to find out the truth, that she still loved the man, he announced to his wife that he was going to Launceston for ten or twelve days to see his relations. As soon as he was gone his wife sent to invite her galant to supper, and provided for his entertainment a couple of fowls and a bottle of wine. Either the fowls must have been very small, or their appetites voracious.

In the evening Jonathan Simpson returned, entered his house, and rushed to the dining-room. His wife had but just time to shut her galant into the oak chest; but not before Simpson had seen by the movement of the lid that he was there. However, he gave no token of having perceived anything, expressed his delight at so good a supper having been prepared, and despatched his wife to the further end of the town on an errand. No sooner was she gone than he sent for the wife of "Pil-Garlic," and on her arrival disclosed the man in the box, and enjoyed the scene of recrimination that ensued.

The vexation at the discovery he had made that he could expect no domestic happiness created a great change in Jonathan Simpson's life. He sold his business, refused to receive his wife back into his house again, and with all the money he could scrape together that amounted to five thousand pounds, quitted Bristol, and swore he would never re-enter it.

He now led a riotous life, spending his money so freely that at the end of eighteen months all his five thousand pounds was gone, and then he took to the road to supply himself with more. After a while he was arrested for highway robbery, and was sent to the Old Bailey, tried, and condemned to be hanged.

His relatives at Launceston now exerted themselves to obtain a reprieve, and by bribery and persuasion they got one, but only at the last moment. Simpson was already under the gallows, with the rope round his neck, when it arrived, and the execution was arrested.

As he was riding back to Newgate behind one of the sheriff's officers that man asked him what he thought of a reprieve as he stood on the scaffold. "No more," answered Simpson, "than I thought of my dying day."

On reaching the prison door the turnkey refused to admit him, declaring that he could not take him in again without a fresh warrant; and as this could not well be obtained, the sheriff's officer was obliged to let him go free.

"Well," said Simpson, "what an unhappy dog am I! that both Tyburn and Newgate should in one day refuse to entertain me. I'll mend my manners for the future, and try whether I cannot merit a reception at them both the next time I am brought thither."

He was as good as his word, and after his release is believed to have committed above forty robberies in the county of Middlesex within the ensuing six weeks.

He was a good skater, and made a practice of robbing people on the ice between Fulham and Kingston Bridge, in the great frost of 1689, which held for thirteen weeks. He would kick up their heels, and search their pockets as they lay sprawling on the ice.

On one occasion a gentleman whom he stopped gave him a silk purse full of counters, which Simpson took for gold, and so did not examine them till he reached the inn where he put up. When he found that he had been outwitted he quietly pocketed the brass booty, and abided his time till he should meet the same gentleman again. This he did at the end of four months, when he waylaid him on Bagshot Heath, where, riding up to the coach, he said, as he presented a pistol at the gentleman's head, "Sir, I believe you made a mistake the last time I had the happiness to see you, in giving me these pieces. I have been troubled ever since for fear you should have wanted these counters at cards, and am glad of this opportunity to return them. But for my care I require you this moment to descend from your coach and give me your breeches, that I may search them at leisure, and not trust any more to your generosity, lest you should mistake again."

The gentleman was obliged to comply, and Simpson carried off the breeches with him to his inn, and on searching them found a gold watch, a gold snuff-box, and a purse containing ninety-eight guineas and five gold jacobuses.

On another occasion he robbed Lord Delamere in an ingenious fashion. That nobleman was driving over Dumoor Heath in his coach well attended by armed servants. Simpson rode up to the carriage and told his lordship that he had been waylaid and robbed by some rogues, two in number, at a little distance. Lord Delamere at once despatched his armed and mounted escort in pursuit, and Simpson took the opportunity of their absence to rob the nobleman of forty pounds. After that experience Lord Delamere vowed he would never again show kindness to a stranger.

At last Simpson was taken near Acton by means of two captains of the Foot Guards, where he attempted to rob both together. There ensued an obstinate fight between them, and Simpson behaved with so much bravery that in all probability he would have escaped, had not one of the officers shot the horse on which he rode, which, falling, carried Jonathan down with it. He had already been wounded in his arms and one of his legs, but both his opponents were also wounded and bleeding. Whilst on the ground he continued to resist with desperation whilst extricating himself from his fallen horse; but the sound of the fray had called up other passengers, and he was overmastered and sent to Newgate, where he found the keeper so much of a friend that on this occasion he was ready to receive him. Tyburn also was sufficiently hospitable not to reject him, and he was hanged on Wednesday, 8th September, 1686, in his thirty-third year.

DAVIES GILBERT

The simple and quiet life of a country gentleman who does not hunt, but spends his days in the library among books, or at his desk making calculations, presents little of interest to the general reader. But Davies Gilbert is not a man to be passed over in a collection of minor worthies of Cornwall.

Mr. Gilbert's original name was Giddy, and he was the grandson of a Mr. John Giddy, of Truro, who had two sons, Edward and Thomas; the former took Holy Orders, and became curate of S. Erth, and never obtained any better preferment. Here he married Catherine, daughter of John Davis, of Tredrea, the representative of several ancient families, and inheriting what fragments were left of the property of William Noye, Attorney-General in the reign of Charles I.

At S. Erth was born, 6 March, 1767, Davies Giddy, the subject of this sketch. After having been

The whining schoolboy, with his satchel, And shining morning face, creeping like snail Unwillingly to school,

at Penzance, he passed to Oxford, and entered Pembroke College, his father going up to Oxford to reside with him. Dr. Johnson, who was also of Pembroke, once said, in allusion to the poetical characters brought up there, that it was a veritable nest of singing-birds. Davies Giddy was not a singer or a poet himself, but taught others to sing, for he collected and published the traditional Cornish carols with their melodies, now taken into every book of Christmas carols and sung at the feast of Noël from John o' Groats House to the Land's End, in America, India, and Australia. Probably this little gathering was one of the works Davies Giddy, or Gilbert, least valued of his many productions, but it has been the most enduring, and will be deathless so long as English voices carol.

Contemporary with Davies Giddy, but of older standing in the college, was that strange man Dr. Thomas Beddoes, lecturer on chemistry, whose head was turned by fanatical republicanism, and who was an enthusiastic admirer of the French Revolution, and prepared to condone the horrors of the Reign of Terror. This was too much for most of Beddoes' friends, who fell away from him, but Davies Giddy, though in politics standing at the other pole, appreciated the great abilities of the doctor, shrugged his shoulders at his political opinions, and refrained from absolutely breaking off all intercourse with him, even when Beddoes was obliged to resign the professorship he held at the University.

Beddoes, on leaving Oxford, set up a pneumatic institution at Clifton, near Bristol, for the cure of consumption, by pumping air into the lungs of those afflicted with phthisis. This was a great discovery, which was to sweep this scourge out of England. The pneumatic bellows worked night and day, and the patients gasped, inhaled and spurted the air back through their nostrils, till the arms of the bellows-workers ached, but, alas for suffering mankind, the pneumatic process proved a dead failure.

Davies Giddy after leaving Oxford went to a surgeon, Bingham Borlase, at Penzance, to prepare for the medical profession, intending after a stay with Borlase to complete his education at the Medical School of Edinburgh. With Dr. Borlase was a lad, Humphry Davy, who had been articled to him in 1793, when little more than fourteen years old. He was a youth of active frame, and with a bright, intelligent face, with wavy brown hair, and eyes "tremulous with light." Not only was Davy a keen fisherman, but he was enthusiastic as a chemist; but he had no particular desire to spend his life as a Sangrado in Penzance. Davies Giddy speedily recognized the flashes of genius in the lad, and recommended him to go to the pump-house of Dr. Beddoes as an assistant at a modest salary. As Beddoes experimented with various gases on his unfortunate patients there was at all events an element of novelty in the venture. Mr. Giddy abandoned his intention of entering the medical profession, and, having a sufficient income to support himself, he devoted his whole time to scientific work, and became well known as a geologist and botanist, and he associated with all the literary and scientific men of his native duchy.

The introduction of Watt's improvement in the steam-engine into the Cornish mines and the disputes between that great mechanical inventor and Jonathan Hornblower, of Penryn, as to the economy and mode of applying the principle of working steam expansively, early attracted the attention of Davies Giddy, and Hornblower had frequent recourse to him, as a mathematician, to work out his calculations for him, and to advise as to his experiments, and approve or criticize his inventions. Trevithick also had recourse constantly for the same purpose to Mr. Giddy, and the latter was solicited by the county to take an active part in determining the advantages of Watt's engines; and in conjunction with Captain W. Jenkin, of Treworgie, he made a survey of all the steam-engines then working in Cornwall.

One of the most laborious and practically useful works of Giddy was a treatise on the properties of the Catenary Curve. This fine example of mathematical investigation was published whilst Telford was preparing materials for the Menai Straits Bridge; and Telford was so convinced by Mr. Giddy's tract, that he altered the construction of the bridge in accordance with what Giddy had laid down, causing the suspension chains, which had already been completed, to be again taken in hand and lengthened by about thirty-six feet.

In 1804 Giddy was elected into Parliament as representative of that rotten borough Helston, but at the next election, in 1806, he was returned for Bodmin, and continued its member till the Reform Bill abolished these nests of corruption. In Parliament he was rarely heard to speak, but his judgment was always valued there, and had great influence on questions of a practical nature.

In 1811, when the high price of gold produced an ominous effect on the currency of the realm, and when the public mind became greatly agitated by the depreciation of bank notes, Davies Giddy published A Plain Statement of the Bullion Question, with the object of allaying the public ferment. Against great opposition he carried an extra twelve feet in width to the design for rebuilding London Bridge.

In 1808 he married Mary Ann Gilbert, an heiress, of Eastbourne, in Sussex, whose family name he afterwards assumed, on account of the hereditary estates to which he became entitled through this marriage.

This lady was of a strong, determined character. On one occasion when riding she was thrown, and dislocated her shoulder. Laying hold of her hunting-crop with both hands, she threw herself back and so brought the joint back into its place.

Once she had a dispute with some farmers, who would not continue their farms without a great reduction of rent. "Very well," said she; "then I will farm them myself." And she did so, and made them pay. She was the first in England to introduce the allotment system on a farm of hers at Eastbourne, Sussex. The marriage was due to Mr. Giddy meeting her when she was staying with her mother on a visit to Mr. Fry at Penzance.

She was a handsome woman, with a determined face, and she suited her husband admirably, for she was interested in many of the subjects that he took up. She was an authoress, moreover—she wrote upon "Tanks," "On an Improved Mode of Forming Water Tanks," "On the Construction of Tanks," in 1836, 1838, and 1840. Also "On the Self-supporting Reading, Writing, and Agricultural School at Willingdon, in Sussex," 1842.

On the death of Sir Joseph Banks the unanimous voice of the Royal Society called Sir Humphry Davy to the chair, and at the same time Davies Gilbert—as he now was—was nominated Treasurer under the man whom he had first helped to start in his career. Ill-health having obliged Sir Humphry Davy to quit England in the early part of 1827, Mr. Gilbert occupied the chair as Vice-President, and when finally Sir Humphry retired in the same year he was chosen President.

At that time a President was elected for life, but Davies Gilbert considered this to be unadvisable, and urged that the election should be for a term only; and his recommendation was accepted after a few years, when the presidency was required for the Duke of Sussex; thereupon it was hinted to him that he should act upon his expressed opinion and leave the chair for His Royal Highness. This he did without reluctance.

On his wife's estate in Sussex he introduced the Cornish stiles, of gridiron fashion—strips of stone laid down with an interval between each—and this prevents horses, donkeys, and cattle from adventuring to cross them. But the Sussex people on the Eastbourne estate revolted, and declared that they would not break their legs to please any Cornish Giddy or Sussex Gilbert, and he was constrained to remove them all.

He was a man of a versatile mind. He published, with a translation by J. Keigwin and W. Jordan, the early Cornish mystery plays of Mount Calvary and the Creation of the World.

He also undertook a Parochial History of Cornwall, giving first Hals' account from his MS., now in the British Museum, with additions from Tonkin, and a geological account of each parish by Dr. Boase, of no great value, and his own additions. This was published in five volumes in 1838.

He wrote also on steam-engines, on the employment of sea salt as a manure, on the improvement of wheels and springs for carriages, on the Eikon Basilike. He translated the Liturgy into Greek. Chambers in his Journal, Vol. II, 1844, has an account of the improvements effected on his wife's estate at Eastbourne.

When Lieutenant Goldsmith upset the Logan Rock he got the use of timber and ropes granted for the work of replacing the stone, and had the loan of the same also to replace the coverstone of Lanyon Quoit.

Lord Sidmouth offered him the position of Under-Secretary of State, but he declined the offer.

About a year before his death Davies Gilbert entered in his notebook: "Slept in a house for the first time on my own property." This was a house in East Looe bequeathed to him by Thomas Bond, who had written the History of Looe, and who died unmarried and without near relatives.

Davies Gilbert died at Eastbourne on Christmas Eve, 1839, as the carollers, for whom he had done so much, were going round in the dark under the stars singing—

Noël, Noël, the angel did say, Unto these poor shepherds in the fields as they lay.

JAMES HOSKIN, FARMER

Castell-an-Dinas was the most complete and perfect relic of prehistoric times existing in Cornwall, till a Mr. Rogers, of Penrose, took it into his head to erect a tower on the summit, that was neither useful nor beautiful, and to obtain material the walls of the fort were pulled about and pillaged. It is still an interesting specimen of a hill fortress, notwithstanding the mischief wrought by the builder of the tower.

On the side of the swelling hill crowned by the old fortress is a small walled enclosure, like a donkey-pound, and in this is the tomb of James Hoskin, a farmer, who desired that he might not be laid in consecrated ground. He was buried in 1823 at the age of 63. He was baptized at Ludgvan on March 8th, 1760, and was the son of James Hoskin.

There are, in fact, three headstones within the enclosure: that which is central is to James Hoskin; on the left is one to his eldest son, who died in 1812, aged 20, and above it is the inscription, "Custom is the idol of Fools"; on the right is one to a married daughter and her child, also in 1812, the mother aged 22 and the daughter 7, probably months, not years, in this latter case. Above this headstone is the inscription: "Virtue only consecrates the ground." But although there be these three memorial stones, only James Hoskin, the father, aged 63, lies here.

What caused James Hoskin to desire to be interred on the moor away from consecrated ground? Tradition in Ludgvan says that he kissed the parson's wife, and the rector, furious at the insult—his name was J. Stephens—vowed that if he survived Hoskin he would bury him in the most obscure corner of the graveyard on the north side of the church. So in order to defeat the parson's intentions, he made provision for his body to be buried at Castell-an-Dinas. Whether this be true or not I cannot say, but certain it is that there was a lasting difference between J. Hoskin and the Rev. J. Stephens.

The Hoskin family lived in a farm, Treassow, Castell-an-Dinas, the original seat of the Rogers Family from before 1633. Sold by Captain J. P. Rogers recently.

His was a small yeoman family in very fair circumstances. James Hoskin had two sons who lived, besides John, the eldest, who died young. These were John William and Richard Vinnicombe. This last went as a clerk to Jamaica to Sir Rose Price. His grandsons are now living in Ludgvan. According to some poor inflated verses, written by a Miss Lean, of Ludgvan, in 1803, addressed to James Hoskin, he made the farm on the slope of Castell-an-Dinas, from which height, she says—

... Barren places are thence descryed, But none more barren than its own rough side, Till Hoskin rose, a man of birth obscure, Heir to no wealth, and forced by fate to endure The toils of humble life, till innate worth And active fancy drew his talents forth. On Castle Downs his fertile mind he cast, And soon by industry did improve its waste. The starving poor who knew not where to gain The scanty pittance that should life sustain, Employed by him, and by his bounty fed, They had the honest means to earn their bread; Nor stayed the hireling's wages in his hand, But weekly each his stipend might command. Some pick the stones, some cut the turf, and some Dig from the pit the builders' useful loam. The straw-thatched cottage rises from the ground, And the strong stone enclosure spreadeth round. And now where moss-grown rocks and heath did rise, Green meads and beauteous cornfields greet the eyes. The lowing herds and fleecy bleating flocks That crop'd the scanty herbage round the rocks, Now ruminating stand and seem to say, May Heaven's best gift our benefactor pay. The Master sees, well pleased, and smiles to see The honest fruits of live industry.

The "poem" concludes with invocations of blessings on the head of Mr. Hoskin—

Long, very long may he survive to see The distant fruits of his industry; And may Almighty power to him dispense Earth's greatest bliss—Health, Peace, and Competence.

Having heard of the prosperity of those who had settled in America, he resolved on going thither and seeing the condition of the farmers in the States and the quality of the land, so that he might be able to advise others whether to leave the mother country and settle there, and with half a mind himself to cast in his lot with those who were farming there. On his return he printed, but did not publish, his experience and his observations. He printed for his own use, and kept a very few copies for distribution among his relations and friends. Through the kindness of the Rev. A. C. Boscawen, Rector of Ludgvan, I have been afforded a sight of his Narrative. It is interesting as affording a picture of the condition of the States and the farming there a century ago. The "Narrative" was printed by Vigurs, of Penzance, "for the Author" in 1813. In his preface, he says:—

"I am well aware that in the composition there may be much room for criticism; to this I answer, I have neither the wish nor qualification to become an AUTHOR, I need only say I am a FARMER. This carries its apology with it, for the book contains plain facts on agricultural subjects, which I affirm are nearly, if not perfectly, correct. [I have written nothing designedly false.] The passage within brackets he cancelled with his own hand after the book was printed.

"I sailed from Penzance on the 28th of December, 1810, on board an American schooner called the Packet of Boston, bound for New York with a cargo of iron, boxes of tin-plate, etc. On leaving the quay the seamen of a brig gave us three cheers, which we returned. Soon a number of people on the quay gave us three more. I asked the men, was it customary on sailing? They said they had been on the pier two months, but never saw it done before. So much for cordiality towards the Americans."

Blood is thicker than water. This is interesting. It shows that even then, after the States had declared their independence, and only two years before war was declared between England and the States, the feeling, at all events in Cornwall, was one of affection and regard for the gallant people who had been driven by stupidity into revolt against the Crown.

After a very rough passage, on the 14th February, 1811, in the depth of winter, the little vessel reached Vineyard Island. "We soon landed, and put up at Dr. Spalding's tavern, a handsome house, with good entertainment and accommodation. Our host was a doctor, a justice of the peace, a tavern keeper, but quite the gentleman. The family at meal times sat down with us—this is the American fashion. With our tea we had plenty of beefsteaks, boiled eggs, preserved fruit, hot cakes, etc. This is customary all over America. We paid a dollar per day (bed included), but all through America we saw nothing of those pests of beggars, waiters, chambermaids, coachmen, postboys, etc., which constantly harass and frequently insult the traveller in England."

On reaching New York he got into trouble with his captain, who was "slim," and tried to take advantage of him. "I was detained three weeks by the captain I came over with from England. I bought at Penzance some earthenware to carry out. On the passage I sold the whole to the captain, and had a written agreement from him to pay me on arriving at New York. At first he put off the payment for want of money, so on one pretence or another until he began to unload the vessel, and then he told me that he had given me no bill of lading to show the goods were mine, and that I could not prove them mine. Indeed he did everything in his power to plunder me of the whole. I then went to the merchant to whom the cargo was consigned. He was much hurt at the captain's conduct in attempting to defraud me, and wrote him a letter immediately. The next day the merchant called on me, and told me if the captain did not pay me in half an hour to acquaint him, but before the half-hour was expired the captain was come with the money."

From New York Hoskin sailed in the William Eaton schooner for Alexandria and Washington.

"The captain (being intoxicated) would have the cook to kill and pick a fowl and dress it in an instant (the cook was an old man, a negro). The poor man set about it with all speed, but in the boiling the captain found fault, caught up the hot fowl and beat it in the cook's face. The captain confessed that he had sprung six feet high, and thought he should have fallen overboard. The captain scalded his three fingers, etc. Two days after he was full of spite and vengeance towards the poor old black man. 'D— the negroes,' said he, 'I hate them,' and going on deck beat the poor man dreadfully with pieces of trees cut to burn, some time after with a rope, and after that with a fire-shovel. The poor man was very bad all night. I expected he would have died before morning. Next morning in that condition he would make him work. I said, 'Captain, I will attend breakfast; I can do it better than he.' So I kept him out of the way. In the afternoon the captain would make the poor creature come on deck. 'Shall I pay him wages for nothing?' says he. I told him that the cook could do nothing, but that I could do much better, and that I would work for him. In three hours after word was brought to him that the cook was dying. After he was dead, the captain came to me and asked what I thought was the cause of his death, which I turned off."

James Hoskin excuses himself for not trying to bring the captain to justice. His reasons are not very satisfactory. First, "it might destroy the happiness of a dear woman, his wife." In the next place, the mate would have sworn in the captain's favour; and, finally, by accusing the captain he would have done no good to the dead cook.

On ascending the Potomac he was put ashore for a while.

"I asked at the hut of a white woman for some water. I shall, while I live, never forget this hut. The outside was like a stable, built of logs, having no glass windows. She brought me a bowl of milk, a china pint to mix water with it. The water stood on a stool without doors, covered nicely. The hut and everything within were in such neat order. This milk and water was as a cordial of wine. I contemplated the happiness of the farmers in this place, flowing in abundance of the first necessaries of life; their wants few and easily supplied; no cares about raising money for other people, all being peace, plenty, and happiness around them."

He ascended the Delaware "in the steem [sic] boat." The boat was worked by a steam-engine "which turns round a wheel each side of the boat in the water. It has wide boards to the end of each spoke, like a water under-shut wheel. The boat is 100 feet long, wide and roomy, and a tavern kept on board. The passage comes very cheap, only 3 dollars for 100 miles, baggage included."

He tells a story of William Cobbett when in America. Cobbett conducted a newspaper entitled the Pesca Post at Philadelphia, and kept a stationer's shop. He was very outspoken against the French Revolution, and that did not please the Yankees. One day some one entered the stationer's shop and asked for some quills. Cobbett sold them. "Ah, ha!" said the purchaser. "These be porcupine quills, I guess." "Porcupine quills they were till I sold them to you," was Cobbett's ready answer. "Now they are goose quills."

"As I was at breakfast one day on Long Island," says Hoskin, "there came in a young woman. 'The English,' said she, 'have pressed my brother in the Downs; I wish I could guillotine the English, I wish the English were guillotined.' 'But,' says one in the room, 'the Christian English will hang a man for stealing a horse, or stealing a sheep; but for stealing a man they shall have money.'" Hoskin was too discreet to bring up the case of the negro slaves and of the captain and the cook. He saw the first attempt at a torpedo. A Mr. Fulton had invented one "for the purpose of sinking it under vessels at anchor and blowing them up. Likewise to anchor under water and blow up ships coming in a harbour. The Congress has voted him 6000 dollars to defray the expenses for making trials, etc. Some time back a day was fixed for trial at New York, the President a frigate of 44 guns, and the Argus brig of war lay there; Mr. Fulton chose to attack the brig, the captain of which prepared for defence by casting a net round the brig to prevent the torpedo diving under, and by hanging shot and heavy weights to the yards and studding sail-booms, to destroy the torpedo if it came near; but Mr. Fulton could not succeed at that time; he says he has made vast improvements since, and shall succeed. This Fulton has a patent for the steamboats on the Delaware and Hudson Rivers. They go five miles an hour against wind and tide."

On his return to England he had a better passage than on going out. "Then chiefly three or four days in a week it blew what the sailors call a gale. In the gale of last week we sailed before the wind, and the ship rolled much more then than if it was a side wind. We laughed at supper, though tossed about. We had cords and bars spread over the table, which was bound fast to keep the things on it; one held the teapot, and the mate was desired to bind the tea-kettle with a string to the side of the cabin. This put me in mind of last winter's passage. The cook would be called an hour or two before day to light his fire, and get his kettle under way, as the phrase is on board; by and by we should hear the cook on deck crying and swearing, the sea breaking over having upset the tea-kettle—the fire is again lit, and the tea-kettle set on again. Soon we hear the cook in the like distress, and swearing he would rather go before the mast than be cook, and so on. Three times of a morning, one day, one of the tea-kettles went overboard; and some days we could only light fire in the cabin stove, and were obliged to boil beef in the tea-kettle."

In London, in January, 1803, he had fallen ill, and thought he had not long to live. This was seven years before he visited the States, and he then addressed the following letter to his children:—

"London, January 13th, 1803.

"My dear Children all and each,

"For the last three days I have found my illness so to increase, and I am so exceedingly ill at this time, that I believe it is the Lord's good pleasure that I shall never see your dear faces again. The God of heaven take you under His precious, His most special protection and care. Fear it not my dear sweet loves, but that good and holy Lord of life and glory will be to you what He has always been to me—a father. When I was about six years old, His good pleasure was to take my mother. With her I lost I may say my father, mother and all. But I had a Father in heaven, Who blessed, watched, and protected me. If you would be wise, seek true happiness. If you would be happy, rich and wise, be truly virtuous in word, action, and, as much as possible, in thought.

Seek virtue, and of that possessed Leave to Providence the rest.

"If you will tell a lie, you will tell another; if you tell two, you will go on further and tell ten, and so on, to lying on any occasion. If you lie, you will cheat, when occasion offers you, and so on to other vices. With the loss of a virtuous disposition of mind, you will lose your peace, troubles will come upon you, one after another; you will endeavour to shun them, but they will overtake you. Let the words of an affectionate and perhaps dying father, sink deep into your hearts every time you read them.

"If you should fall in love with those true Christians, called Quakers, how much, I think, would it, by God's blessing (of which you need not fear) and their friendly aid to you, advance you in piety and virtue. But beware of Methodists' Class Meetings. Not but that there are many among them who are patterns of religion; but the human heart being, as it has been truly said, 'the devil's tinder-box,' the heart falls by degrees into some favourite sin, and falsehood and deceit at these meetings are sent in the place of piety, and of all states this is the most dangerous and destructive to the soul. May the Lord of His goodness bless you, protect you, be your guide through life, and in death receive you to Himself is the prayer of

"Your father, JAMES HOSKIN."

Happily he recovered and lived on for many years.

JOHN HARRIS, THE MINER POET

"On the quiet evening of October 14th, 1820, in a straw-thatched, boulder-built cottage, with bare rafters and clay floor, locally known as the 'six chimneys,' on the top of Bolennowe Hill, Camborne, Cornwall, as the leaves are falling from the trees, and the robin mourns in the thicket, a gentle mother gives birth to a babe; and that baby-boy is a poet."

So John Harris begins his account of his own life. It is not always safe for a composer of verses to be too sure that he is a poet, and that his lines will live. Horace did it, so doubtless has many another man who has hammered out verses; but only Horace was justified in his prophecy.

A plum-pudding without plums may be a good suet dumpling, and without suet also a respectable batter pudding, but neither is a plum-pudding; and a set of verses without ideas may be pleasant verses, but is not poetry; and without ideas and without imagination is very poor stuff indeed. John Harris could write smooth lines, he had a tender appreciation of the beauties of nature, but he went no further. His verses bear the same relation to poetry that Tupper's Proverbial Philosophy bears to the Philosophy of Plato. But to return to his life. He tells us that "from first to last the majority of my poems have been written in the open air, in lanes and leas, by old stiles and farm gates, by rocks and rivers and mossy moors."

He was put to a miserable school where the hedge-school master was hard-hearted and cruel, and "verily hoots the lessons in his ears. He beats his pupils without mercy, with a polished piece of flat wood studded with small, sharp nails, until the blood runs down, and soon scares the little learner from his straw-roofed academy."

From this school he was removed to another after a few days. "On the edge of a brown common, in a little thatched school-house by the side of the highway, very near the famous Nine Maidens, he finds another master, who wore a wooden leg, with more of the milk of human kindness in his soul, a thorough Christian, and a man of prayer." He says further: "You might have seen him on a summer evening, when his merry schoolmates are chattering in the hollow—you might have seen him walking by the stream, or stretched on the moss listening to the wind tuning its organ among the rocks, or gazing up at the purple heavens. He roams among the flowers, kissing them for very joy, calling them his fragrant sisters. Born on the crest of the hill, amid the crags and storms, he grows up in love with Nature, and she becomes his chief teacher. And now come the promptings of early genius, which develop themselves in snatches of unpolished song, pencilled on the leaves of his copybook for the amusement of his wondering schoolmates. He often writes his rhymes on the clean side of cast-off labelled tea-papers which his mother brings from the shop, and then reads them to his astonished compeers with rapt delight."

At the age of nine he was taken from school and put to work in the fields. At the age of ten he was employed by an old tin-streamer to throw up the sand from the river, earning threepence a day. At twelve he was working on the surface "nearly three miles from his favourite home. As he travels to and fro from his labour through long lanes bramble covered, and over meadows snowy with daisies, or by hedges blue with hyacinths, or over whispering cairns redolent with the hum of bees—" he means thyme on which the bees hover gathering honey—"the beautiful world around him teems with syllables of song. Even then he pencils his strange ditties, reciting them at intervals of leisure to the dwellers of his own district, and older heads than his tell of his future fame."

One thing is evident, that at this early age he was inordinately conceited. He had a true appreciation of the beauties of Nature. He had a receptive soul, but it was that which might have made of him a painter, not necessarily a poet.

At the age of thirteen, or as he styles it, "When thirteen summers have filled his lap with roses, and fanned his forehead with the breeze of health, we find him sweating in the hot air of the interior of a mine (Dolcoath), working with his father nearly two hundred fathoms below the green fields."

So time passes, and he grows to manhood. Then in his stilted style he says: "Love meets him on his flowery pathway, and he weaves a chaplet of the choicest roses to adorn her head. He worships at the shrine of beauty till they stand before the sacred altar, and the two are made one." In plain English, he fell in love and got married to Jane Rule.

One of his earliest pieces of verse, "The First Primrose," got into a magazine, and attracted some little notice, amongst others that of Dr. George Smith, of Camborne, who gave him encouragement and induced him to publish. His first book appeared in 1853; soon after he was appointed Scripture Reader at Falmouth.

He says in his Autobiography: "Soon after my marriage, the Rev. G. B. Bull, of Treslothian, lent me a volume of Shakespere. The first play I read was Romeo and Juliet, which I greedily devoured, travelling over a wide down near my father's house. The delight I experienced is beyond words to describe, as the sun sank behind the western waters, and the purple clouds of evening primed the horizon, the bitters of life changed to sweetness in my cup, and the wilderness around me was a region of fairies. Sometimes I cried, sometimes I shouted for joy, and over the genii-peopled heights a new world burst upon my view." Next he read Childe Harold, or portions of it. "My younger brother James possessed an eighteenpenny copy of Burns' poems, to which I had access. One day, I was reading Burns in our Troon-Moor home. No one can tell the ecstasy of my spirit, or the deep joy of my heart. Not only was I tired with my mine-work, but also crippled in the quarry raising stone for the garden-wall. I believe I was in my shirtsleeves, when a middle-aged matron entered my home. Seeing a small book before me, she asked what it was. I told her, and her answer surely displayed her prejudice and her narrowness of mind. Looking at me with severity in her features, she exclaimed, 'You ought to be ashamed of yourself! You, a local preacher, and reading Burns!' This strange sin put me quite beyond the reach of her favours, and I do not remember her ever speaking to me afterwards."

It is an infinite pity that John Harris did not inspire his muse from Burns; had he done so, his "poems" might possibly have lived, but poëta nascitur, non fit.

"For more than twenty years I was an underground miner, toiling in the depths of Dolcoath. Here I laboured from morning till night, and often from night till morning, frequently in sulphur and dust almost to suffocation. Sometimes I stood in slime and water above my knees, and then in levels so badly ventilated that the very stones were hot, and the rarified air caused the perspiration to stream into my boots in rills, though I doffed my flannel shirt and worked naked to the waist. Sometimes I stood on a stage hung in ropes in the middle of a wide working, when my life depended on a single nail driven into a plank. Had the nail slipped, I should have been pitched headlong on the broken rocks more than twenty feet below. Sometimes I stood on a narrow board high up in some dark working, holding the drill, or smiting it with the mallet, smeared all over with mineral, so that my nearest friends would hardly know me, until my hands ached with the severity of my task, and the blood dropped off my elbows. Sometimes I had to dig through the ground where it was impossible to stand upright, and sometimes to work all day as if standing to the face of a cliff. Sometimes I have been so exhausted as to lie down and sleep on the sharp flints." (There are no flints in Cornish mines.) "And sometimes so thirsty that I have drunk stale water from the keg, closing my teeth to keep back the worms. Sometimes I had wages to receive at the end of the month, and sometimes I had none. But I despaired not, nor turned the nymph of song from my side. She murmured among the tinctured slabs," etc. etc. That the water brought down from the spring for the use of the miners was ever full of worms is not to be believed, nor that he did not receive his regular monthly wages. John Harris was evidently vastly sorry for himself, thinking he was born for better things. I have known many a man who has worked underground as a common miner, without whining and breaking into extravagance such as this.

"We were at supper one evening in Troon-Moor house, our two daughters in a window, I at the end of the kitchen table, and Jane sitting on a chair beside it. We had fried onions, and the flavour was very agreeable. I was hungry, having just returned from a long day's labour in the mine. Suddenly we heard a step in the garden, and then a knock at the door. My wife opened it, and I heard a gruff voice say, 'Does the young Milton live here?' My wife asked the possessor of the gruff voice to walk in; and we soon discovered that it was the Rev. G. Collins. We invited him to partake of our meal, to which he at once assented, eating the onions with a spoon, exclaiming at almost every mouthful, 'I like fried leeks.' He asked for my latest production, and I gave him 'The Child's First Prayer,' in MS. He quietly read it, and before he had finished I could see the tears streaming down his face. Besides the two daughters, Jane and Lucretia, already named, we were afterwards blest with two sons, Howard and Alfred."

I have given this passage from the Autobiography of John Harris with pleasure, as it exhibits the author at his best. Whether the tears may not have been an adjunct of his fancy, I do not pretend to say. When he writes simple English, concerning his own life and experiences, he is always interesting, but when he steps up into his florid car, as a chauffeur at the Battle of Roses at Nice, he is intolerable.

"Throughout my mining life I have had several narrow escapes from sudden death. Once when at the bottom of the mine, the bucket-chains suddenly severed and came roaring down the shaft with rocks and rubbish. I and my comrade had scarcely time to escape; and one of the smaller fragments of stone cut open my forehead, leaving a visible scar to this day. Then the man-engine accidentally broke, hurling twenty men headlong into the pit, and I amongst them. A few scars and bruises were my only injuries. Standing before a tin-stepe on the smallest foothold, a thin piece of flint (?), air-impelled, struck me on the face, cutting my lips and breaking some of my front teeth. Had I fallen backwards among the huge slabs" (the rock does not form slabs) "death must have been instantaneous. Passing over a narrow plank, a hole exploded at my feet, throwing a shower of stones around me, but not a hair of my head was injured."

"A more wonderful interposition of Divine Providence may be traced, perhaps, in the following record. Our party consisted of five men working in a sink. Two of them were my younger brothers. Over our heads the ground was expended, and there was a huge cavern higher and further than the light of the candle would reveal. Here hung huge rocks as if by hairs (!) and we knew it not. We were all teachers in a Sunday-school, and on the tea-and-cake anniversary remained out of our working to attend the festival. Some men who laboured near us, at the time when we were in the green field singing hymns, heard a fearful crash in our working, and on hastening to see what it was found the place full of flinty (?) rocks. They had suddenly fallen from above, exactly in the place where we should have been, and would have crushed us to powder were it not for the Sunday-school treat."

Moving in his little circle, surrounded by the ignorant, it is no wonder that John Harris was puffed up with vanity, and thought himself a poet.

He was very urgent in the promotion of the cause of peace and arbitration between nations, and wrote a series of tracts entitled Peace Pages, of which some hundreds of thousands were distributed, and produced as much effect on the policy of nations as waste paper. In the year 1864 a prize was offered for the best poem on the tercentenary of the birth of Shakespeare. It was competed for by over a hundred persons in Great Britain and America. Mr. Harris gained the prize, and was presented with a gold watch. It is not possible to estimate its value, poetically, without a knowledge of the "poems" that failed, and the discrimination of the judges. From first to last John Harris published no less than sixteen volumes of verse. He died in 1884, and was buried in Treslothian Churchyard, near Camborne. He had received a grant of £50 per annum from the Royal Literary Fund, 1872-75, and £200 from the Royal Bounty Fund in 1877.

He had a son, John Alfred Harris, born at Falmouth in 1860, who became a wood engraver, working in a recumbent position owing to a spinal affliction. He illustrated some of his father's works. Another son, James Howard Harris, born in 1857, became master of the Board School, Porthleven, and wrote a memoir of his father.

John Harris had the faculty of receiving impressions from the objects of nature, as does a mirror, but had no power to give forth flashes of genius, for of genius he had none. His verses read smoothly and pleasantly, but will not live, as there is no vital spark in them. He stands, however, on a higher level than Edward Capern, the Devonshire postman "poet," but immeasurably below Burns and Waugh.

He published, moreover, a series of addresses, but all marked with the same paucity of idea, lack of original thought. A good but very self-satisfied man, he reaped far higher applause in his day as he deserved, and in another generation will be clean forgotten. He called himself the miner poet, but he is not even a minor poet. There is something pathetic in the contemplation of a man of this sort. I have come across several instances—men who have a love of nature, an appreciation of the beautiful and the good and the true, but have no genius, no originality, who can imitate but create nothing. It is the same with musicians. There are a thousand who can write songs, but only one in a thousand who can produce a pure melody. The mirror reflects objects, but the burning-glass focusses the sun's rays in a pencil of fire that kindles whatever it falls on. Such is the difference between the versifier and the poet.

Nulla placere diu, nec vivere carmina possunt Quæ scribuntur aquæ portoribus. Hor. Ep. I. 19.

FOOTNOTES:

Od. I, 1; II, 20.

These were Lord Lyttleton, G. Dawson, and C. Bray.

EDWARD CHAPMAN

Hals tells the following story of Mr. Edward Chapman, of Constantine. But before giving it, it will be well to say a few words of the Chapman family. The name suffices to show that it was not Cornish by origin, and indeed in the Heralds' Visitation it is recorded to have come from the North. Why they came down one cannot say, but they married well. One John Chapman, of Harpford, in Devon, had to wife a daughter of Chichester, of Hall, and his son Edward married a Prideaux, and settled at Resprin in S. Winnow, and as that was a manor that belonged to the Prideaux family it is probable that his wife was an heiress. Edward, the grandson, baptized at S. Winnow May 12th, 1647, was probably the person mentioned by Hals, to whom the adventure is attributed. He was married to a daughter of Bligh, of Botathen.

"This gentleman received from God's holy angels a wonderful preservation in the beginning of the reign of William III when returning from Redruth towards his own house about seven miles distant, with his servant, late at night, and both much intoxicated with liquor (as himself told me); nevertheless having so much sense left as to consider that they were to pass through several tin mines or shafts near the highway, on the south-east side of Redruth town, alighted both from their horses, and led them in their hands after them. The servant went somewhat before his master, the better to keep the right road in those places, which occasioned Mr. Chapman's turning aside somewhat out of the way, whereby in the dark he suddenly fell into a tin mine above twenty fathoms deep, at whose fall into this precipice his horse started back and escaped; in this pit or hole Mr. Chapman fell directly down fifteen fathoms without let or intermission, where meeting with a cross drift (above six fathoms of water under it), he in his campaign coat, sword, and boots, was miraculously stopped, when, coming to himself, he was not much sensible of any hurt or bruises he had received, through the terror and horror of his fall; when, considering in what condition he was, he resolved to make the best expedient he could to prevent his falling further down (where, by the dropping of stones and earth moved by his fall, he understood there was much water under), so he rested his back against one side of the ruin, and his feet against the other, athwart the hole, and in order to fix his hands on some solid thing, drew his sword out of its sheath, and thrust the blade thereof as far as he could into the opposite part of the shaft, and so in great pain and terror rested himself.

"The suddenness of this accident, and the horse's escaping in the dark as aforesaid, was the reason why Mr. Chapman's servant, who went before him, did not so soon find him wanting as otherwise he might, which as soon as he did, he went back the roadway in quest of him, calling him aloud by his name; but receiving no answer, nor being able to find his horse, he concluded his master had rode home some other way, whereupon, giving up all further search after him, he hastened home to Constantine, expecting to have met him there; but contrary to his expectations, found he was not returned. Whereupon his servants, early next morning, went forth to inquire after him, and suspecting (as it happened) he might be fallen into some tin-shafts about Redruth, hastened thither, where, before they arrived, some tinners had taken custody of his horse (with bridle and saddle on), which they found grazing in the Wastsell Downs. Whereupon, consulting together about this tragical mishap, it was resolved forthwith that some of these tinners, for reward, should search the most dangerous shafts in order to find his body, either living or dead; accordingly they employed themselves that day till about four o'clock in the afternoon without any discovery of him. Finally, one person returned to his company, and told them that at a considerable distance he heard a kind of human voice underground; to which place they repaired, and making loud cries to the hole of the shaft, he forthwith answered them that he was there alive, and prayed their assistance in order to deliver him from that tremendous place; whereupon, immediately they set on tackle ropes and windlass on the old shaft, so that a tinner descended to the place where he rested, and having candle-light with him, bound him fast in a rope, and so drew him safely to land, where, to their great admiration and joy, it appeared he had neither broke any bone, or was much bruised by the fall; verifying that old English proverb, that drunkards seldom take hurt; for, as the tinners said, if he had fallen but two or three feet lower, he must inevitably have been drowned in the water. But maugre all these adverse accidents, after about seventeen hours' stay in the pit aforesaid, he miraculously escaped death, and lived many years after, and would recount this story with as much pleasure as men do the ballads of 'Chevy Chase' or 'Rosamond Clifford.'"

JOHN COKE, OF TRERICE

There is no thriving on ill-gotten goods, says the proverb, and this was exemplified in the case of the Cook or Coke family of Trerice, in S. Allen.

According to Hals, John Coke, attorney-at-law, came into these parts of Cornwall in the reign of Queen Elizabeth from Ottery S. Mary, in Devon, "without money or goods, and placed himself a servant or steward under Sir Francis Godolphin, Knight, where he began from, and with, his ink-horn and pen, to turn all things that he touched into gold, and that by indirect art and practices as tradition saith." This Cook or Coke derived from a Henry Cooke, a citizen of Exeter, who married the sister and heiress of Roger Thorne, in Ottery S. Mary; and the eldest branch of the family remained at Thorne till the end of the seventeenth century, when it became extinct.

Sir Francis Godolphin, finding John Coke a clever business man, left in his hands the management of his estate and his tin mines.

Coke took care that all the tin of his master's mines should be run into blocks and stamped with the dolphin, to show whence they came and whose they were. But after a while, as he saw that he was not specially overlooked, and that opportunity was afforded him for peculation, he had a considerable share of the block tin produced at the blowing-houses of Sir Francis for himself, and to distinguish it from that of his master's had it stamped with the figure of a cat, as cats are on the Coke arms; and this he disposed of to his own advantage, and eventually it was found that from the Godolphin mines more tin was produced and sold marked with the cat than was with the dolphin.

Hals says: "Sir Francis's lady being informed of his ill practices, and resolving by the next coinage to be better instructed in this mystery, at such time as Godolphin blowing-house was at work, privately, with one of her maids, in a morning, on foot went to that place, where according, as common fame reported, she found many more blocks or slabs of tin marked with the cat than there were with the dolphin; the one part pertaining to Sir Francis, the other to Mr. Coke. Whereupon, abundantly satisfied, she returned to Godolphin House, but could not be there timely enough against dinner; whereat Sir Francis was greatly distasted, having at that time several strangers to dine with him. At length the lady being arrived, she asked all their pardons for her absence, and told them it did not proceed from any neglect or want of respect, but from an absolute necessity of seeing a strange and unheard-of piece of curiosity, which could not be seen at any other time; viz. to see a cat eat the dolphin. And then gave an account of the premises, to their great wonder and admiration; whereupon, soon after, Sir Francis dismissed him from his service. But by that time he had gotten so much riches that forthwith he purchased the little barton and manor of Trerice, in S. Allen, and made that place his habitation till he purchased the barton and manor of Tregasa, and seated himself there, where, by parsimony and the inferior practice of the law, he accumulated a very considerable estate in those parts. But maugre all his thrift and conduct in providing wealth for himself and posterity, his grandson, Thomas Coke, succeeding to his estate, upon the issueless decease of his elder brother, Christopher Coke, and buying in his widow's jointure at a dear rate, and also undertaking the building of the present new and finely contrived house at Tregasa, though never finished, yet the said fabric was so costly and chargeable to him, together with the vain extravagance of his wife Lance, that he was necessitated to sell divers parcels of lands in order to raise money for his necessary occasions, and finally to mortgage the manor and barton of Tregasa and all his other lands that were before unsold, for about fourteen thousand pounds, to Hugh Boscawen, of Tregothnan, Esq.; and lastly, for that consideration and others, did, by lease and release, fine and proclamation, convey the same to the said Hugh Boscawen, his heirs and assigns, for ever. Soon after this fact Mr. Coke fell into great want and distress, together with his wife and children, and died suddenly by a slip of his foot into a shallow pit, wherein he was searching for tin, out of a conceited opinion he had that he should at last raise his fortune by tin, as his grandfather before him had done."

What Hals has omitted to state is that John Coke married a Godolphin, Prudence, daughter of William Godolphin, of Trewarveneth, by whom he had three sons—John, Edward, and Francis. Thomas Coke, who came to such grief, the sins of the grandfather visited on the grandchild, was Sheriff of Cornwall in the year 1651 under the Commonwealth.

THOMAS PELLOW, OF PENRYN

Thomas Pellow was born at Penryn, in all probability in 1704, and was educated in the Latin school of that place. But loving adventure better than books, and impatient to escape propria quæ maribus, he implored his uncle John Pellow to allow him to embark with him in the good ship Francis, owned by Valentine Enys, merchant, of Penryn, that was bound with a cargo of pilchards for Genoa. He soon began to regret having left the school bench, for his uncle not only made him work as a common seaman, but when not so employed held him to those hated books, and if he shirked, gave him the cat-o'-nine-tails. "So that by the time we got to Genoa I thought I had enough of the sea, being every day, during our voyage out, obliged (over and above my book learning) to go up to the main-top mast-head, even in all weather." On the return voyage when off Cape Finisterre the vessel was captured by Sallee pirates, and it with the crew conveyed to Morocco as captives. Thomas Pellow was in but his eleventh year, and his Moorish masters thought that they would have little difficulty with him in making of him a Mussulman.

He remained in Morocco for twenty-three years, during which time he kept a diary, and this was published in London in 1739 and 1740, but no date is affixed to the two editions. A third edition was published in 1775, and recently his record of adventure has been included in the "Adventure Series," edited with an introduction by Dr. Robert Brown, and published by Mr. Fisher Unwin, London, 1890. In this edition the narrative extends to 330 pages, and it is not my intention to give even a summary of its contents, the book itself being easily accessible. What must suffice is some account of the beginning of his bondage and an idea of the condition of Morocco whilst he was there.

Thomas Pellow was given as slave to Muley Spha one of the Sultan's favourite sons, but, as Pellow says, a sad villain. "My business now was to run from morning to night after his horse's heels; during which he often prompted me to turn Moor, and told me, if I would, I should have a very fine horse to ride on, and I should live like one of his best esteemed friends." As Pellow declined this invitation, "he committed me prisoner to one of his own rooms, keeping me there several months in irons, and every day most severely bastinading me.... My tortures were now exceedingly increased, burning my flesh off my bones by fire; which the tyrant did, by frequent repetitions, insomuch, that through my so very acute pains I was at last constrained to submit, calling upon God to forgive me, who knows that I never gave the consent of the heart, though I seemingly yielded by holding up my finger."

He was then, after having been instructed in the Moorish language, appointed to be chief porter to the Sultan's harem, where resided the Sultana and thirty-eight concubines. He received strict orders that no one should be admitted without due notice. On one occasion the Sultan arrived and knocked to be admitted without having previously intimated his intention of paying a visit to his harem. The outer porter made no difficulty in admitting him, but Thomas Pellow absolutely refused to admit His Majesty as he had received no notice that he was coming, and when the Sultan continued to knock, he discharged his blunderbuss through the door. The Sultan was so delighted at his trustworthy character and behaviour on the occasion, that he cut off the heads of the two complaisant door-keepers, and promoted Pellow to be one of his bodyguard.

After a few years the Sultan, "being on the merry fun, ordered to be brought before him eight hundred young men, and soon after as many young women, and he told the men, that he had on several occasions observed their readiness in obeying him, he would therefore give every one of them a wife; and which indeed, he soon did, by giving some by his own hand (a very great condescension), and to others by the beckoning of his head, and the cast of his eye, where they should fix. After they were all coupled and departed, I was also called forth, and bid to look at eight black women standing there, and to take one of them for a wife, at which sudden command, I (being not a little confounded) immediately bowing twice, falling to the ground and kissing it, and after that the Emperor's foot, humbly entreated him that he would be graciously pleased to give me one of my own colour. Then, forthwith sending them off, he ordered to be brought forth seven others, who all proved to be mulattoes, at which I again bowed to the ground, still entreating him to give me one of my own colour; and then he ordered them also to depart, and sent for a single woman, full dressed, with two blacks attending her. I being forthwith ordered to take her by the hand and lead her off, perceived it to be black also, as soon after I did her feet; at which I started back, and being asked what was the matter, I answered him as before; when he, assenting, ordered me to lift up her veil and look at her face; which I readily obeying, found her to be of a very agreeable complexion, the old rascal crying out in the Spanish language, Bono, bono, ordering me a second time to take her by the hand, lead her off, and keep her safe."

By this wife Pellow had a daughter. The Sultan was a monster of cruelty, but according to Pellow there was not much choice in rotten apples; he saw the rise of several, and one was as bad as another. He says of the first he served: "He was of so fickle, cruel, and sanguine a nature, that none could become for one hour secure of life. He had many despatched, by having their heads cut off, or by being strangled, others by tossing; but scarce would he on those occasions afford a verbal command, he thinking that too much—generally giving it by signs or motions of his head and hand.

"The punishment of Tossing is a very particular one and peculiar to the Moors. The person whom the Emperor orders to be thus punished is seized by three or four strong negroes, who, taking hold of his arms, throw him up with all their strength, and at the same time turning him round, pitch him down head foremost; at which they are so dexterous by long use, that they can either break his neck at the first toss, dislocate his shoulder, or let him fall with less hurt. They continue doing this as often as the Emperor has ordered.

"The Emperor's wrath is terrible, which the Christians have often felt. One day, passing by a high wall on which they were at work, and being affronted that they did not keep time in their strokes, he made the guards go up and throw them off the wall, breaking their legs and arms, and knocking them on the head. Another time he ordered them to bury a man alive, and beat him down along with the mortar in the wall.

"In the year 1721 the Emperor despatched El Arbi Shat, a man of one of the best families in Barbary, being descended from the Andalusian Moors, and deserved the esteem both of his own countrymen and of us. Part of the crime laid to his charge was for going out of the country without the Emperor's knowledge, and having been friendly himself with Christian women, and often been in liquor. He was also accused of being an unbeliever. Early one morning he was carried before the Emperor, who commanded him to be sawed in two; upon which he was tied between two boards and sawed in two, beginning at the head and going downwards, till the body fell asunder, and must have remained to have been eaten by dogs, if the Emperor had not pardoned him—an extravagant custom, to pardon a man after he is dead, but unless he does so, nobody dares bury the body."

Pellow describes the condition of the Christian slaves: "The severest labour and hardships inflicted on malefactors in Europe are levity compared with what many worthy persons undergo in this modern Egypt. At daybreak the guardians of the several dungeons, where the Christian slaves are shut up at night, rouse them with curses and blows to their work, which consists in providing materials for the Emperor's extravagant buildings, stamping earth mixed with lime and water, in a wooden box near three yards long and three feet deep, and of the extended breadth of the wall. Their instrument for this is a heavy wooden stamper. Others prepare and mix the earth, or dig in quarries for lime stones; others burn them. Some are employed to carry large baskets of earth; some drive wagons drawn by six bulls and two horses, and, after the toil of the day, these miserable carters watch their cattle in the field at night, and in all weathers, as their life must answer for any accident. The task of many is to saw, cut, cement and erect marble pillars, and of such as are found qualified, to make gunpowder and small arms; yet does not their skill procure them any better treatment than those who, having only the use of their limbs without any ingenuity, are set to the coarsest works, as tending horses, sweeping stables, carrying burdens, grinding with hand-mills. They have all their respective taskmasters, who punish the least stop or inadvertency, and often will not allow the poor creatures time to eat their bread. After such a wearisome day, it frequently happens they are hurried away to some filthy work in the night time. Their lodgings in the night are subterranean dungeons, round, and about five fathoms diameter and three deep, going down by a ladder of ropes, which is afterwards drawn up, and an iron grate fastened in the mouth; and here they lay upon mats. Neither has their fare anything more comfortable in it, consisting only of a small platter of black barley meal, with a pittance of oil per day. This scantiness has put several upon hazarding a leap from very high walls only to get a few wild onions that grow in the Moors' burying place."

Pellow developed considerable military ability and was employed in military operations against rebels; he was made a captain, and was present at several sieges, and witnessed the barbarity wherewith were treated the men of a captured town. On one occasion the troops were required to cut off the heads of all the male inhabitants and bring them to the Sultan; but as the number was so great and the stench threatened to breed a pestilence in the army, the general was compelled to slice off the ears and pickle them in barrels and convey these only to the Sultan at his capital, who graciously under the circumstances accepted the ears in lieu of the heads.

Pellow was several times wounded, and he made occasional abortive attempts to escape. When wounded, returning from one of his expeditions, he received news that his wife and daughter were dead, and he calmly observes: "I must own that it gave me very little uneasiness, as I thought them to be by far better off than they could have been in this troublesome world, especially this part of it; and I was really very glad that they were delivered out of it, and therefore it gave me very little uneasiness."

It is startling to think that in the reign of George I there should be such numbers of English as well as French, Spanish and Italian captives in Morocco and Algiers and Tunis, and that their redemption should have to be the work of private charity, and not be a determined undertaking of Government.

In 1791 England framed a treaty with Morocco giving our merchants freedom to sail the seas unmolested, and permitting renegades to return to their old faith and obtain their liberty on certain conditions. But captives continued to be taken by the corsairs as of old: "Shall a Moslem," asked one of the sultans, "be a slave to his word, like a dog of a Christian?" In 1800 Muley Suliman agreed with Spain for a reciprocal interchange of captives, and similar contracts were entered into with other powers. In 1817, acting under force majeure, Suliman was compelled to disarm his war vessels, and promise to put an end to this atrocious system, that had lasted too long. But although piracy was no longer officially recognized, it did not wholly cease. Whether the Sultan connived at the infraction of treaty, or whether the inhabitants of the Riff shore acted independently of him, merchant vessels continued to be boarded and taken and the crew enslaved.

In 1828 the English established a blockade of the Morocco coast in retaliation for the continuance of these outrages, and in 1829 the capture of an Austrian vessel by pirates led to the bombardment of the ports of Tetuan, Azila, Rabat, and Sallee. At length the insolence of the Moorish corsairs led to the Spanish war of 1859-60, which taught the Moors a salutary lesson.

In 1856 Sir John Drummond-Hay succeeded in recovering some captives, and in exacting an assurance that similar conduct should not recur. But although attacks by piratical ships on the high seas were brought to an end, wrecking was pursued with zest and impunity. Any vessel that was cast upon the coast was regarded as a legitimate prize, and its crew who came ashore were carried into the interior and enslaved. In this way Riley, Adams, and Puddock were able to write their experiences, on their escape from captivity.

Sir Arthur Brook in 1831 wrote that "the country Moors on all parts of the coast are constantly on the look out for Christians, and instantly make prisoners of all who have either landed accidentally or have been shipwrecked. Parties that are occasionally formed, as ours was, to visit Cape Spartel are even subject to this, and in one recent instance the lady of the English Vice-Consul, who had strolled to a short distance out of sight of the guard that attended her, was on the point of being made a prisoner by a body of natives who surrounded her and her party, thinking they were alone, until undeceived by the timely appearance of the escort."

A visitor to the Riviera will see the little towns and villages walled up, and with strong gateways and towers. They were protections against Algerine and Moroccan corsairs, who would land and raid the coast for captives; and there are old men still living who had heard from their fathers piteous stories of their being taken and carried off into bondage and cruel slavery in Africa.

There are still, and there have been in the past, numerous Europeans who have been renegades, and have lent their wits and experience to the Moors, but they are nearly all scoundrels of the worst description, forçats who have escaped from the prisons in Spain or Algiers, and other vagabonds unable to show their faces in Europe. Dr. Brown writes: "I know of no British renegade—the last and the most respectable of the order, a Scotchman, who lived at Rabat, much esteemed for his intelligence and honourable conduct, having died two years ago. Were the history of these turncoats fully known, the story of their lives would be a curious chapter in the annals of human nature. One of the most romantic of these tales was that of an old white-bearded man who, when the French military commission first entered Fez in 1877, was seen silently and sad-eyed, supported by two attendants, contemplating a uniform with which in days gone by he was very familiar. This aged renegade was known as Abd-er-Rhuman; but his christened name was Count Joseph de Saulty, formerly a lieutenant of engineers in the army of Algeria. In a weak moment he eloped with the commandant's wife, and remained in Tunis until she died. Then, becoming painfully anxious of the grave position in which he was placed as a deserter from the colours, he passed into Morocco, changed his faith, and as a military adviser of the then Sultan rose high in the imperial favour. He died in 1881, and is buried at the gates of Fez, though so thoroughly did he put the past behind him, that his son, now occupying a high position in the Court, is entirely ignorant of any language except Arabic. Another renegade of note was the English officer still remembered as Inglis Bashaw under whom Muley-el-Hassan, the present Sultan, learned the art of war, and who was the first individual to impart anything like discipline to the Moroccan army. Why he came to Morocco is not known, and so jealously was his identity kept dark, that in a recent work by the Viscount de la Montonère his real name is declared to be unknown. At this date there can be no reason for concealing that it was Graham; and I have been told by those who have every reason to know that, like so many others who incur the jealousy of the Moorish dignitaries, he died of poison."

The time of Morocco piracy is at an end, but that on land there are still captures has been of late years but too evident—the last being the capture of Sir Hugh Maclean.

But to return to Thomas Pellow.

After several ineffectual attempts at escape, and after incurring hairbreadth escapes, Pellow succeeded eventually in making his way to Gibraltar. But even there he was not safe. A Jew, agent for the Sultan of Morocco, claimed him, and demanded that he should be surrendered, as a Mussulman and as a subject of the Moorish Sultan. But General Field-Marshal Joseph Sabine, then Governor of Gibraltar, answered peremptorily that, as an English-born subject, he was an Englishman, and could not be surrendered. He went on board a vessel for England and reached Deptford, "and going on shore, directly to the church, returned public thanks to God for my safe arrival in Old England."

He remained in Deptford, very kindly received by a brother Cornishman, William Jones, and there, finding no vessel bound for Falmouth, he went to London and thence embarked on board a vessel commanded by Captain Francis, who readily offered him a passage to Truro.

He landed at Falmouth. The news of his coming had spread. "My father's house was almost quite at the other end of the town. I was, before I could reach it, more than an hour; for notwithstanding it was almost dark, I was so crowded by the inhabitants that I could not pass through them without a great deal of difficulty—every one bidding me welcome home, being all very inquisitive with me if I knew them, which, indeed I did not, for I was so very young at my departure, and my captivity and the long interval of time had made so very great an alteration on both sides, that I did not know my own father and mother, nor they me; and had we happened to meet at any other place without being preadvised, whereby there might be an expectation or natural instinct interposing, we should no doubt have passed each other, unless my great beard might have influenced them to inquire further after me."

He returned to Penryn on the 15th October, 1738, his birthday.

His narrative concludes with a touching account of his gratitude to God for having brought him back, and an expression of his earnest desire to serve God truly all the rest of his days upon earth.

THE ORIGIN OF THE ROBARTES FAMILY

Colonel Symonds, who accompanied Charles I when he was in the West, says in his diary: "A gentleman of the county told me the original of the Lord Roberts his family. His great-grandfather was servant to a gentleman of this county—his hynd. Afterwards lived in Truro, and traded in wood and fferzen—got an estate of 5 to £600. His son was so bred, and lived there too, putt out his money, and his debtors paid it him in tynn. He engrossing the sale of tyn, grew to be worth many thousands—£30,000. His son was squeezed by the Court in King James his time of £20,000, so was made a Baron, and built the house of Lanhydrock, now the seat of Lord Roberts" (pp. 45, 46). The hind, who founded the family, and sold wood and furze for the tin smelting, was Richard Roberts of Truro, who married Joan Geffrey of S. Breage, and died in 1593. His son, who continued the wood store and got paid in tin, was John Roberts, who married Philippa, daughter of John Gaverigan, of a very ancient family. He died in 1615.

Before the introduction of coal in tin smelting, the fuel employed was peat, furze, i.e. gorse that produced a quick, fierce blaze, and wood. Rapidly the trees in Cornwall were disappearing, as the produce of tin ore became greater, and the lack of the necessary fuel was becoming a serious impediment.

Carew, speaking of the woods in Cornwall, when he compiled his Survey, says that in the west of the county they were scarce, and the few that were preserved were principally employed in making charcoal for the blowing-houses. "This lacke," he adds, "they supply either with steam-coal from Wales, or dried turfes, some of which are also converted into coal to serve the tinners' turne."

From the charters of King John and Edward I we learn that power was granted to the tinners to take turf and wood where they could for the purpose of smelting the ore; but as the woods disappeared, and the turf was being used up in the neighbourhood of the works, they could not travel to great distances to procure the needful fuel. Richard Roberts saw his opportunity and seized it. He made contracts with the owners of coppices and furzy downs and peat bottoms, and gathered his supplies in one great store at Truro. He did more—he obtained coals from Wales, and sold to the mining adventurers at a handsome profit to himself, thus saving them the waste of time in wandering about obtaining fuel where they could. Thus he laid the foundations of a business that was largely increased by his son John. But this latter embarked on another branch of money-making. He lent cash to the adventurers in the mines. "As poor as a tinner" was a proverbial expression in Cornwall, and "a tinner is never broke till his back is broke." But if the working miner remained poor, the moneylender waxed wealthy on the miners' work.

Carew observes that the parishes in which the tin was worked were in a "meaner plight of wealth" than those which were agricultural. Vast amounts of tin were raised, but little of the profit stuck to the hands of the toilers in the mines.

Tinning was not carried on by large companies, but by small men; three or four would combine to take a set. They cut four turves at the bounds, paying a certain sum down to the Duchy or to the private owner of the land, as rent; and also owing a toll of the tin raised to the proprietor of the land. These small men were without capital, and they were constrained to borrow of Roberts, and he let them have the requisite money at a rate of interest we should consider extortionate. Queen Elizabeth was unable to borrow money of the estates of Holland under 25 per cent, and we may judge what would be the rate of interest demanded by the usurer of the working miner.

But that was not all. The miner did not pay the interest in cash, but in tin, and tin at the value pretty arbitrarily laid down by the moneylender, so that he had the adventurer in two ways. Nor was this indeed all. He often advanced to the miner not cash alone, but the tools for his trade, the timber for shoring up the shafts, and the machinery, such as it was, for pumping the water out of the mines.

There was an additional means of getting money, and also of acquiring lands. Carew gives us a curious account of the manner in which the London merchants of his time took advantage of any want of money Cornish gentry in London might experience in order to defray their expenses there, by binding them to furnish tin for money advanced, at great ultimate loss to the Cornish men. They also had their agents in Cornwall, who advanced money to the needy tinners, partly in wares and partly in money, upon agreement that they should furnish certain quantities of tin at the next coinage, by which the tinners experienced great loss.

With regard to the loans to the adventurers, Roberts possessed the inestimable advantage of being on the spot, and so prepared to supply them with the fuel and the capital they needed. But there were Cornish gentry who wanted to go to London, and desired loans to cover their expenses in town. They went to Roberts: he furnished the supplies. As may be well expected, these gentry did not make money in London, they became greatly impoverished there, and Roberts, we may infer, was able to take their estates, or large slices out of them, on the security of which he had made the advances.

How hard the work of the poor tinners was, on whom the usurers preyed, we learn from Carew. "In most places," he says, "their toyle is so extream, as they cannot endure it above four hours a day, but are succeeded by spels; the residue of the time they weare out at coytes, kayles, or like idle exercises."

Richard Roberts, the son of John, amassed great wealth, and was knighted 11 November, 1616. At this time he was threatened with prosecution by the Privy Seal for usury, and he only escaped trial by paying a bribe of £12,000. He bought a baronetcy of James I in 1621, and was created Baron Truro in 1625. One of the charges brought against Buckingham, when impeached in the House of Commons, was that he had received a bribe of £10,000 from Richard Roberts for negotiating for him his elevation to the Barony of Truro. This is confirmed by the deposition of Roberts himself (Calendar State Papers, 1677-8, p. 220; cf. 1625-6, p. 298).

Richard Roberts married Frances, daughter of John Hender of Botreux Castle or Boscastle, a co-heiress, and died in 1634. He was evidently a very shrewd and grasping man, and particularly desirous of pushing ahead and obtaining a position to which his only claim was wealth. By the marriages of father and son, the very plebeian family of Roberts brought strains of gentle blood into the veins of their descendants. He it was who built the stately mansion of Lanhydrock. He died 19th April, 1634, but was not buried at Lanhydrock till July 4th in the same year.

His son and heir John Roberts, second Baron Truro, was sent to be educated at Exeter College, Oxford. He entered as Gentleman Commoner in 1625, when aged seventeen, the year of his mother's death. At college, according to Wood, he "sucked in evil principles both as to Church and State."

By his marriage with the Lady Lucy, daughter of Robert Rich, Earl of Warwick, he became allied to the leaders of the opposition among the peers, and during the Long Parliament his vote was almost always given with the popular party among the Lords. He was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Cornwall in 1642, and became colonel of a regiment of foot in the army of Lord Essex. He fought at Edgehill, and commanded a brigade in the battle of Newbury. In 1644 he held the position of Field Marshal in the army of Essex, and he was with him in the west when he advanced further into Cornwall, getting into a position which eventually led to a humiliating defeat, among a population fanatically affected to the Royal side.

The King with Prince Maurice was in full pursuit, driving him into a corner, the narrow extremity of Cornwall. The King was now joined by Sir Richard Grenville with Cornish levies, cutting off some of the Parliamentarian foraging parties. But the sea as yet was open, and the Earl of Warwick, who attended the motions of the army, was off the coast. "It was therefore now resolved to make Essex's quarters yet straiter, and to cut off even his provisions by sea, or a good part thereof." Fowey was in the possession of Essex, "and it was exceedingly wondered at by all men, that he being so long possessed of Foy, did not put strong guards into the place, by which he might have prevented his army's being brought into these extreme necessities." Sir Richard Grenville possessed himself of Lanbetherick, a strong house belonging to Lord Roberts, and lying between the Parliamentarian army and the little harbour, and Sir Jacob Astley made himself master of View Hall, which was opposite to Fowey, and then cut off supplies from reaching the camp of Essex.

For eight or ten days the armies lay inactive, and then Charles drew closer the toils in which the hostile army was held. He drove them from a rising ground called Beacon Hill, and immediately raised a square work on it, and placed there a battery that threw a plunging fire into their quarters. Then Goring was sent with the greatest part of the royal horse, and fifteen hundred foot, to S. Blazey, to drive the enemy yet closer together, and to cut off the provisions they received from that direction. The dashing, daring Goring executed his commission with complete success, and the Parliamentarians were reduced to that small strip of land that lay between the river Fowey and that of S. Blazey, which was not above two miles in breadth and little more in width, and which had already been eaten bare by the cavalry. The destruction of the whole army now appeared inevitable; but through the carelessness of Goring, one dark night all the horse of the enemy were allowed to slip unperceived through the lines, on the night of the 30th and 31st August, 1644, and the Earl of Essex with Lord Roberts and many of his officers fought his way to the shore near the mouth of the Fowey, and there they embarked on board a ship which Warwick had sent round, and sailed away to Plymouth on September 1st, leaving the foot, cannon, and ammunition to the care of the gallant Skippon, who had nothing left for it but to make the best capitulation he could. Essex left Roberts in command at Plymouth, which he successfully defended against the attacks made during the ensuing months, and his popularity is attested by the petitions made by the Plymothians that he might be left in command of the town.

Lord Roberts must have suffered considerably in the Civil War, for his estates were alienated from him and granted by the King to Sir Richard Grenville, whilst his home of Lanhydrock was occupied by the Royalists, and his children were detained from him. He was a staunch Presbyterian, hating Prelacy, believing in exclusive salvation, the perquisite of those who believed in Calvin, and he had no love for the Independents.

Since 1643 an assembly for the regulation of religion had been sitting at Westminster. It had substituted Presbyterianism for the Episcopacy, as the established religion of England, and had abolished the Prayer Book and issued in its stead a book called the Directory. These changes had been confirmed by Parliament. But this settlement of the religious question was quite contrary to the views of the Army, which was mainly—at all events that portion commanded by Cromwell in the North—composed of Independents.

Sir Harry Vane, Oliver Cromwell, Nathaniel Fiennes, and Oliver St. John, the solicitor-general, were regarded as their leaders. Dissentions broke out in the House of Commons; Cromwell and Lord Manchester cast imputations on each other. Cromwell desired to remodel the Army, of which the House of Commons had already become suspicious, and how to effect this project was the difficulty, and his object could only be attained by a circuitous course. At his instance a committee was chosen to frame what was called the "Self-denying Ordinance," by which the members of both Houses were excluded from all civil and military employments, except a few offices which were specified. After a great debate, the Ordinance passed both Houses (April 3rd, 1645), and Essex, Warwick, Manchester, Denbigh, Roberts, and many others resigned their commands, and received the thanks of Parliament for their past services.

Lord Roberts's zeal for the cause rapidly cooled. He and Essex both protested against the passing of the Ordinance on March 13th, 1646, that made the new Presbyterian Established "Church" subordinate to Parliament.

On January 3rd, 1648, it was passed in both Houses that thenceforth no addresses should any more be sent to the King; he was virtually dethroned, and the whole constitution was formally overthrown; and by orders from the Army the King was shut up in close confinement, his servants removed, and his correspondence with his friends prevented. When the Army threatened to intervene, Roberts deemed it his most prudent course to absent himself from the House of Lords, and suffer the act to pass.

He took no part in the trial of the King, and after the execution of Charles withdrew from further share in public affairs. He was, however, not hostile to the Protectorate, and at the Installation of the Protector he suffered his son to be in his train.

At the Restoration he was received into favour, and became a Privy Councillor, and was appointed Lord Deputy of Ireland, and Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal in May, 1661. In July, 1679, he was created Viscount Bodmin and Earl of Radnor.

With the latter part of his life we have no concern, as this article has to do only with the rise of the family of Roberts to an Earldom from a store of wood and furze, and the sordid desk of an usurer. Pepys, in his Diary, describes him as "a very sober man," and Clarendon as "a sullen, morose man, intolerably proud," and as having a "dark countenance," and Burnet as a "sullen and morose man." He died July 17th, 1685. His son Robert seems to have deemed it expedient to differentiate his family name from the thousands of Roberts's in humble life, by the alteration of the spelling of the name, by the transfer of the e and the addition of an a, and the vulgar Roberts bloomed into Robartes.

The motto assumed by the first Lord Roberts, "quæ supra" expressed the sincere aspiration of the man, who was certainly sincere in seeking "those things which are above," as the guiding principle of his life.

The Robartes or Roberts family became extinct in the male line in 1757; but Mary Vere Robartes, daughter of the Hon. Russell Robartes, married Thomas Hunt, of Mollington, and left issue Thomas Hunt, who had an only child, Anna Maria, who married Charles Reginald Agar, third son of James, Viscount Clifden, and carried the wealth of the Robartes family into that of Agar; and in 1822 Thomas James Agar, her son, assumed the name and arms of Robartes, and was created Baron Robartes of Lanhydrock and Truro in 1869. The descent is, however, so remote and through females, that the present family can hardly be considered to represent the original Robertes or Roberts stock.

THEODORE PALEOLOGUS

In the church of Landulph is a small brass attached to the wall that bears the following inscription: "Here lyeth the body of Theodore Paleologus, of Pesaro in Italye, descended from ye Imperyal lyne of ye last Christian emperors of Greece, being the sonne of Camillio, ye sonne of Prosper, the sonne of Theodoro, the sonne of John, ye sonne of Thomas, second brother of Constantius Paleologus, the 8th of that name, and last of ye lyne yt rayned in Constantinople until subdued by the Turks, who married wt Mary, ye daughter of William Balls, of Hadlye in Souffolke, Gent., and had issue 5 children, Theodore, John, Ferdinando, Maria, and Dorothy; and departed this life at Clyfton, ye 21st of Jany 1636." Above the inscription are the imperial arms of the empire of Byzantium—an eagle displayed with two heads, the two legs resting upon two gates; the imperial crown over the whole, and between the gates a crescent, for difference as second son.

There were eight Emperors of the East of the family of the Paleologi. The family descended from a General Andronicus Paleologus, who died in 1246. The Emperor Manuel, who deceased in 1425, had five sons: John II, Emperor, who died in 1449; Theodore, despot in Lacedemon; Andronicus, despot in Thessalonica; Constantine, despot of the Morea. John II was associated with his father, and succeeded him. Andronicus, the second son, died of leprosy in 1429. Theodore, Constantine, Demetrius, and Thomas wasted their resources in mutual contests, but Theodore was constrained to adopt the monastic profession. On the death of John II the royal family was reduced to three princes—Constantine, Demetrius, and Thomas. Demetrius at once claimed the vacant throne, but failed in his attempt, and Constantine succeeded, the last and greatest of the Paleologi. "Demetrius and Thomas now divided the Morea between them; but though they had taken a solemn oath never to violate the agreement, differences soon arose, and Thomas took up arms to drive Demetrius out of his possessions; Demetrius hereupon retired to Asan, his wife's brother, by whose means he obtained succours from Amurath, and compelled Thomas to submit the matters in dispute to the Emperor's (Constantine's) arbitration. But that prince refusing to deliver to his brother the territories that fell to his share, Mohammed ordered Thuraken, his governor in the Morea, to assist Demetrius."

Shortly after this, on the fatal May 29th, 1453, Constantinople was taken by the Turks, and the gallant Constantine was killed.

Immediately after the capture Mohammed proceeded to make war on Demetrius and Thomas, whereupon the Albanians, subjects of Thomas, revolted. Fresh disputes broke out between the brothers, each endeavouring to supplant the other, and in 1459 Mohammed entered the Morea and reduced Corinth. At the first news of his approach Thomas fled to Italy with his wife and children, and Demetrius submitted to the Sultan, who carried him away to Constantinople, where he died in abject slavery in 1470. Thomas was received in Italy by Pope Pius II in 1461, who allowed him a pension of six thousand ducats.

Historians record only two sons, Andrew and Manuel, but according to the inscription in Landulph church there was a third, John, whom Italian writers have not mentioned.

Andrew, the eldest, married a woman from the streets of Rome, and dying childless, in 1502, bequeathed his empty honours to Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, having previously sold them to Charles VIII of France. Manuel Paleologus, the second son, revisited his native country. He was granted a train of Christians and Moslems to attend him to his grave. Gibbon says: "If there be some animals of so generous a nature that they refuse to propagate in a domestic state, the last of the imperial race must be ascribed to an inferior kind; he accepted from the Sultan's liberality two beautiful females; and his surviving son was lost in the habit and religion of a Turkish slave." Thomas, who had been despot of Morea, died in 1465. By his wife, Catherine Zaccaria, he had one daughter, in addition to the sons mentioned, and this was Helen, who married Lazarus II, King of Servia, and died in 1474.

Why Theodore Paleologus came to England we do not know, but possibly in the train of Sir Henry Killigrew and Sir Nicholas Lower. Sir Nicholas had married Sir Henry's daughter, and as they were both advanced in life and childless they may have been disposed to befriend the Paleologi, and Lady Killigrew was one of the learned daughters of Sir Anthony Coke, celebrated for her knowledge of Greek, and she may have inspired her daughter, Lady Lower, with the same fondness for the classic languages. This is but conjecture; but this at least is certain, that the Paleologi were given Clifton, in Landulph, as their residence, and this was a mansion that belonged to the Lowers.

Theodore Paleologus married Mary Balls in 1615, and by her had three sons, Theodore, John, and Ferdinando, and two daughters.

Theodore was a lieutenant in the Parliamentary army in 1642, under Lord St. John, and was buried in Westminster Abbey in 1644.

There are no traces to be found of John and Ferdinando. Mary, one of the daughters of Theodore and Mary Balls, died unmarried, and was buried at Landulph in 1674. Her sister Dorothy married, in 1656, William Arundell, and died in 1681, he in 1684.

There was a Theodore Paleologus who died at sea on board the Charles II under Captain Gibson, in 1693. In his will Theodore mentions only his wife Martha, and we do not know who was his father.

We do not know who was the William Arundell whom Dorothy Paleologus married. Unhappily the registers of S. Dominic, where she and her husband lived, have been lost, and we cannot say whether the Mary Arundell who married a Francis Lee soon after the death of her presumed parents was a daughter. But if so, as Dr. Jago suggests in a paper in the Archæologia, "The imperial blood perhaps still flows in the bargemen of Cargreen."

INDEX

Abbot, Archbishop, 334

Abder-Rhuman, 715

Abercrombie, Dr., 427, 428

Aberdeen, University of, 34

Abingdon, 127

Abyssinia, Prince of, 599

Account of the Desperate Affray in Blean Wood, etc., 612

Account of the English Colony of New South Wales, 568

Account of R. Jeffery, 257

Acharnania, 508

Acombe, 12

Acton, 403, 477, 673

Actor, Mr., 275

Adams, 252

Adams, John Couch, 189 — birth and upbringing, 84 — character of, 88, 89, 90 — discoverer of Neptune, 86, 88 — early observation, 84

Adams, Mr., 322, 714

Adams, Mr. John, 463

Adams, Thomas, 83

Adams, William Grylls, 89, 90

Addison, Joseph, 644

Admiral Hood, 602

Admiralty order replacement of logan stone, 20, 23

Adoption of poor children, 533

Adour, 504

Advent, 425

Adventure Series, 708

Adventures of a Younger Son, 445, 452, 454

Ætna, 267

Agamemnon's tomb, 448

Agar, Charles R., 726

Agar, Thomas James, 726

Age of Reason, 358

Agnes, 649

Agnus Dei, 656

Agreeable Surprise, The, 469

Ainsworth, Harrison, on "Courtenay," 605

Airy, 86, 88

Alarm, 664

Albanian revolt, 728

Albert, Prince, 621

Albion, 248, 249

Alderton, 487

Aldrich, Dean, 213

Alexander, 559, 561

Alexander the Great, 300

Alexandria, 459, 686

Algerine Corsair at Penzance, 130

Algerine pirates, 332

Algiers, 507, 617, 715

Ali Pacha, 508-514 — at home, 510-513 — human butcher, 509

All, the five alls, 550

Allen, river, 118

Alligator, 196

Alligators attract patients, 632

All the Year Round, 93

Almanza, 12

Altarnon, 73, 80, 186, 187, 190

Amaza, 416

Amell, 340

Ames, Dr. William, 34

Ammonites, superstition concerning origin of, 4

Amurath, 728

Anagram of Noye, 339

Andalusian Moors, 711

Anderson, Captain, 62

Andromache, 505

"Angel, The," 542

Anglesea, Earl of, 298

Anglo-Mexican Company, 493

Anguella, 251

Annals of King James, 615

Anne of Bohemia, 433

Anne, Queen, 219, 299, 307, 310, 318, 372, 639

Annesley, Lady Philippa, 298

Annual Register, 58

Annual Report of the Society of Arts, 64 note

Anson, H.M.S., salvage of, 62 — wreck of, 60, 71

Anson, Lord, 158

Antony and Cleopatra, 205

Antigua, 320

Antiquities of Cornwall, 18

Antony ferry, 225

Antwerp, 26

Anyada, 250

Antelope, 645

Anthem, Cornish, 577

Antiquary, The, 547

Ap Rice, Mr., 288

Arabia, Prince of, 600

Ararat, 406

Arbuthnot, Sir Charles, 529

Archæologia, 730

Arcot, 159, 164

Argand lamp, 202

Argos, 448

Argus, 689

Argyro-Kastro, 509

Arithmetic, Walkinghame's, 3

Arms of Braddon family, 107 — of Byzantine Empire, 727 — of Call family, 155, 167 — of Clobery family, 231 — of Foote family, 280 — of Jane family, 206 — of Lake family, 251 — of Noye family, 341 — of Pennington family, 224 — of Robartes family, 726 — of Sandys family, 374 — of Tillie family, 402, 405 — of Tilly family, 407 — of Wills family, 12

Armstrong, Major, 609, 610, 613

Around and about Saltash, 665

Arslan, 508

Arta, 508

Arundell, 646

Arundel family, the, 157

Arundel, Earl of, 435

Arundell, Henry, Lord, 173

Arundell, Humphrey, 588, 589, 591

Arundell, Mary, 730

Arundell, Roger, 592

Arundell, Sir John, 136, 661

Arundell, Sir Thomas, 137

Arundell, William, 730

Arundel Street, 301

Arwenack, 133, 134, 135, 137, 140

Asan, 728

Ashburton, 200

Ashfield, Dame, 468-9

Assassinations and Civil Wars, 426

Assistance, H.M.S., 488

Association, wreck of the, 640, 643, 647, 651

Astley, 203

Astley, Sir Jacob, 126, 723

Aston Clinton, 251

Astronomy, 86

Astronomy, ignorance of, 593

As You Like It, 467

Athenæum, 88, 452 — founded by Buckingham, 464

Athens, 446, 452

Atkins, Sir Robert, 101

Atlas, 181

Atterbury, 219

"Auction of Pictures, An," 287

Audrey, 516

Augsberg Island, 420

Aunt Mavor's Storybooks, 622

Authentic Account of the late unfortunate Death of Lord Camelford, 328

Authentic Memoirs of the Green Room, 467, 469

Author, The, 288

Autobiography of a Cornish Smuggler, 473

Autobiography of John Harris, 697

Avalon Peninsula, 265

Avery, Captain John, 173

Avery, Dr., 194

Ayres, Mr., 119

Azila, 714

Babbage, 88

Badcock, John, volunteers for Terra del Fuego, 233 — dies of privations, 235

Bagdad, 462

Bagshot Heath, 672

Bahia, 422

Bailey, Mr., 188

Baker, Mr. Henry, 105, 347, 351

Ball, John, 432

Ball, Lieutenant, 565

Ballads, "Chevy Chase," 703 — "The fight of the Monmouth and Foudroyant," 377 — "The Highwayman," 630

Ballads, "Rosamond Clifford," 703 — "Rule Britannia," 377 — sung by Incledon, 386 — "The Storm," 380, 386 — "'Twas Thursday," 377 — of wrestling, 58

Ballot Society, 627

Balls, Mary, 727, 729 — William, 727

Baltic, 67

Banks, Sir Joseph, 233, 679

Bannister, 380

Banns of marriage, 578

Bantry Bay, 638

Banza, 419

Baptista, Signor, 552

Barabbas, 40

Barbados, 623

Barcelona, 477, 640

Barff, Mr., 451

Barfleur, 261

Bargus, Mr. Samuel, 262, 264

Barlow, Bishop, 32

Barming Heath, 603

Barnardiston, Sir Samuel, 483, 484

Barnstaple, 455, 659, 665

Baronetage, 156

Baron Munchausen's Travels, 2

Barrey, Lord, 547

Barrie, Captain, 327

Barrington, Admiral, 238

Barrington, Hon. Daines, 238, 241 — visits Dolly Pentreath, 239, 240

Barrow, Sir John, 415, 423

Barthlever, 528

Bartholomew Fair, 271, 552

Bartlett, Rafe, 388, 393, 397 — confession of, 389, 395

Barwell, Nabob, 525

Barwick, Dr. J., 45

Baseley, Richard, 388, 397 — confession of, 389, 392, 394

Bashaw, Inglis, 716

Basset, Sir Francis, 519

Bassiere, 314

Batavia, 568

Bate, Mrs., 346

Bath, 198, 200, 290, 377, 466 — Cathedral, Lady Chapel of, 32

Bath, Earl of, 182, 183, 184

Bathurst, Mr. C., 253, 256

Battye, Philadelphia, 165 — William, 165

Bawden, Giles, 540

Baxter, Richard, 209

Bayonne, 196, 504, 505

Bay of Biscay, 489

Beacon Hill, 723

Beaver, 321

Beddoes, Dr. Thomas, 676

Bedford, Earl of, 139

Behethlan, 614; see Bohelland.

Behethlan, Joan, 614 — John, 614 — Margery, 614

Beirout, 597, 599

Bell, Lieut. John, 64

Bell-casting, 224-6

Bell-founders, 224, 225, 226

Bell-ringing, competitions, 223 — mysterious, 284 — song of, 223

Bells, baptism of, 222 — inscriptions on, 222 — removed, 592

Belle Poule, 505

Bellingham, Mr., 427, 430

Bellot, Anne, 516, 517 — Christopher, 516

Bemba Ganga, 417

Ben, John, 649

Benbow, Admiral, 372

Bennett, Lieutenant, 609, 610

Bentinck, Mr. Cavendish, 634

Berat, 509

Beresford, Lord Charles, 669

Bergh, 47

Berkeley, Earl of, 647 — Hon. Charles, 140 — Sir G. Cranfield, 648

Berlin, The, 70

Bermuda, 35

Berne, 319

Berry, Mr., 418

Berry Pomeroy, 592

Bessie's Cove, 470

Best, Captain Thomas, 479 — Mr., 324-8, 519

Beveridge, 215

Biagi, D. Guido, 454

Bible explains fossils, 4

Bibliographia Cornubiensis, 556 note

Bibliotheca Cornubiensis, 245

Bideford, 633

Bignell, George Carter, 141 — early life of, 144 — entomologist, 147-153

Bignor, 517

Bingham, Captain, 299

Biographica Dramatica, 296

Biographical Dictionary of English Catholics, 556 note

Biographical Dictionary of Poets, 231

Biographical Sketches in Cornwall, 340

Birmingham, 467

Birthday, The, 469

Bishop and his Clerks, 640

Bishop of Bath and Wells, 32 — of Carlisle, 89 — of Exeter, 140, 219, 425 — of Lichfield, 32 — of London, 27, 43, 215 — of Oxford, 207 — of Rochester, 213 — of Salisbury, 211 — of S. David's, 32 — of Winchester, 643, 649

Black Friars, The, 544

"Black Lion," 144

Black Sea, 67

Blackwood, John, 648 — Shovell, 648

Blague, Thomas, 127

Blake, Admiral, 45

Blanchard, Mr., 608

Blanche, 248, 250

Blean, The, 607, 612

Blenheim, 260

Blewett, George, 343

Bligh boy sees ghost, 74-80

Bligh, Edmund, 81 — family, the, 74, 79, 81 — Mr., 74, 81, 701 — Thomas, 81 — Walter, 81

Blight, Mr. J. T., 143

Blockly, 81

Bloomsbury, 165

Blossom Underwing, 149

"Blue Boar's Head," 542

Board of Trade, 68

Boase & Courtney, Messrs., 556 note — Dr., 680

Boat-races at Saltash, 663

Bochym, 517

Boconnoc, 298, 317, 318, 319, 328

Bodannan, 280

Bodener, William, 242

Bodleian Library, 615

Bodmin, 37, 117, 120, 121, 125, 133, 166, 179, 224, 225, 226, 280, 351, 455, 516, 520, 522, 531, 535, 569, 578, 589, 627, 659, 663, 678

Bodmin Asylum and its inhabitants, 570-572 — Gaol, 531, 540, 542, 570, 583 — Hills, 92 — Moors, 84, 573, 628 — Viscount, 726

Body, William, 587

Bohelland, 614 — mysterious tragedy at, 616-619

Bolennowe Hill, 692

Bolventro, 628

Bombay, 445, 460, 462 — governed by Keigwin, 479-487 — Castle, 480

Bomeny, 103

Bonaparte, Prince Louis Lucien, 242

Bonaventura, Thomasine, attractive widow, 113 — benefactress, 114-116 — goes to London, 110, 113 — shepherd girl, 109

Bond, Mr., 92

Bond, Thomas, 681

Bondé, 418

Bond Street, 320, 325, 385

Borlase, Dr. Bingham, 239, 676 — his account of the Logan, 18, 22

Borleau, 104

Boroughs, pocket, 518

Borrowdale, 559

Boscastle, 721

Boscawen, 130 — family, the, 500, 525, 554

Boscawen, Hugh, 706

Boscawen, Rev. A. C., 684

Bossenden Farm, 603, 607

Bossenden Wood, 608, 613

Bossewell, John, 554

Bossiney, 518

Boston, 53

Bosworgy, 341

Botany Bay, 319 — settlement at, 559-564

Botathan, 74, 81, 82, 701

Botreux Castle, 721

Botusfleming, 12

Boughton-under-Blean, 603, 606, 609, 612

Boulogne, 332

Bouverie, Hon. Philip, 649

Bouverie, Sir Jacob, 649

Bovey Heathfield, geological features of, 7

Bovey Tracey, 226

Bow, Rev. Dr., 613

Bow Street, 380, 381

Bowden, Elizabeth, 138

Boyer, Nicholas, Mayor of Bodmin, executed, 589, 590

Boyne, burnt, 258, 259

Bracegirdle, Mrs., 299, 300 — and Capt. Hill, 300-4

Braddock Down, 206

Braddon family, arms of, 107

Braddon, Captain William, 96

Braddon, Laurence, 96, 107 — attacks Bishop Burnet, 106 — Author of Enquiry, 104, 106 — imprisoned and tried, 99, 100, 102 — reports murder of Essex, 98-103

Bradshaw, Sir Thomas, 40

Bradstone, 228

Braganza, 479

Brandon, 386

Bray, Charity, 593

Bray, C., 699, note

Bray, Mrs., on Bothathan ghost, 72 — on Polperro, 247

Breage, 342, 370, 580, 585

Breage Churchtown, 478

Brember, Sir Nicholas, 435

Brendon & Son, 578

Brent Eleigh, 556

Brentford, 318

Brenton, Captain, 259

Brereton, Major, 162

Brest, 60, 259, 477

Brian, Sir Hussey, 603

Bribery at Elections, 518-530

Bridgerule, 108, 226

Bridges, Admiral Sir G., 377

Bridgwater, 36

Brief Relation of State Affairs, 403

Brighton, 387

Bristol, 37, 281, 282, 439, 670, 676

Bristol, Earl of, 376

Britannia, 405

British Association, the, 8, 87

British Family Antiquity, 154, 168

British and Foreign Institute, 465

British Museum, 613, 680

Brixham, 8 — geological features of, 7

Broad Sound, 644

Brompton Crescent, 382, 383

Bronnaker, Lord, 552

Brook, Sir Arthur, 714

Brooke, Benjamin, 53

Broom Hill, 182

"Brown Bear, The," 381

Brown, Dr. Robert, 708, 715

Brown, John, 391, 392

Brown, Mrs., 580

Brown Willy, 84, 85, 109

Browne, Hamilton, 446

Browne, Mrs., 301, 303

Browne, Sir Richard, 545

Bruce, Eliza, 90

Bruce, Haliday, 90

Brulgruddery, Mrs., 468, 469

Brunel's bridge, Saltash, 663

Brunswick, H.M.S., 667

Brunton, 468

Bryant, John Davy, volunteers for Terra del Fuego, 233 — dies of hardships, 236

Brydges, Captain, 462

Buchanan, Robert, 209

Buckhurst, Lord, 305

Buckingham, Christopher, 455

Buckingham family, the, 455

Buckingham, George, 665 note

Buckingham, James, 465

Buckingham, James Silk, a youthful prisoner, in love, 458 — character of, 455, 464 — explores in Egypt, 460 — founds British and Foreign Institute, 465 — in conflict with East India Company, 460-5 — a linguist, 458, 462 — literary ventures of, 463, 464 — quells corn riot, 457 — suffers for his love of freedom, 462, 463 — suggests Suez Canal, 459 — to India in disguise, 462

Buckingham, Leicester F. Y., 465

Buckingham, Earl of, 170, 172, 173, 524, 552, 721

Bude, 115, 182, 204, 205

Bude Haven, 570

Bude light, 202

Budget of Paradoxes, 90

Buggs, Sir Anthony, 500

Bull, Rev. G. B., 695

Buller, Charles, 189

Buller family, 86

Buller, Mr., 652

Bulwer, Henry Lytton, 448

Bunsby, Richard, 113

Burton, Joe, 627

Burton, John, falls over the stile, 631 — his Curiosity Shop, 633 — invests in alligators, 632 — rudeness of, 634 — rules for living, 635 — spends Christmas Eve at Jamaica Inn, 627-31 — Whiteley in curiosities, 632 — writes to the King, 634

Burton, John, jun., 636

Burton, Joseph, 627

Burton, William, 419, 420

Burton's Stile, 631

Burdett, Sir Francis, 253

Burge, Arthur, 219

Burke, Sir Bernard, 299

Burley, Sir Simon, 434

Burlorn, 117, 119, 120, 121

Burnard, Mr., 87

Burnard, George, 186

Burnard, Nevil Northey, on tramp, 190 — success in London, 188 — works in slate, 186, 187

Burnet, Bishop, 41, 45, 53, 211, 214, 216, 218, 543 — on death of Essex, 106 — on the Duke of Hamilton, 310 — on Lord Mohun, 308 — on Lord Roberts, 726 — on nonjurors, 213

Burns, Robert, 695, 699

Burrow, Bessie, 470, 473

Buryan, 329, 341

Bury S. Edmunds, 140

Bussy, 160, 162

Butler, Samuel, 44

Butt's Head Mill, 666

Byng, Sir George, 640

Byron, Captain, 340

Byron, Lord, and Trelawny, 446, 452

Cadiz, 123, 131, 259, 503

Cadogan, Lord, 15

Cadwalader, 288

Caermarthen, Lord, 305

Cailland, General, 164

Cairo, 459

Caius Coll. Cam., 73

Cake House, 314, 316

Calais, 296

Calamy, 41, 214

Calamy on Jane, 220

Calcutta, 161, 463

Calcutta Mirror, 463

Calendar of Victory, 626

Calendar State Papers, 721

California, 233

Call family, the, 154, 156, 167 — arms of, 155, 167

Call, John, 157

Call, Sarah, 157

Call, Sir John, 154, 157, 166 — benefacts his sister, 165 — his campaign in India, 158-165 — M.P. for Callington, 167

Call, Sir W. G. M., 167

Call, William Berkeley, 167

Call, William Pratt, 167

Callinack, Mrs., see Kelynack

Callington, 155, 167, 171, 518

Callywith, 627

Calvin, 724

Calvinists v. Arminians, 357

Camborne, 364, 692, 664, 699

Camborne, Vean Mine, 581

Cambria, 492, 494

Cambridge, 27, 73, 85, 87, 89, 90, 228, 231, 516, 556

Cambridge, Duke of, 465

Camden, 405

Camden, Lord, 409

Camelford, 83, 424-426, 518

Camelford, first Baron, 319

Camelford, last Lord, acquitted, quits Navy, 322 — birth and education of, 319 — duel with Mr. Best, 324-327 — embroiled in town, 323, 324 — his crazy scheme of assassination, 322 — on the Guardian, 319 — shoots Peterson, 321 — under arrest, 320, 321

Camisards, 639

Campbell, General, 275

Candish, Lord, 298

Cann, Abraham, wrestles with Polkinghorne, 55

Cann Wood, 148

Cannington, 407

"Canterburiensis," on John N. Tom, 597, 613

Canterbury, 31, 599, 602, 609, 612, 613

Canterbury, Archbishop of, 211, 215, 291, 437

Canterbury Bell, 607

Cape Finisterre, 707

Cape Horn, 234

Cape of Good Hope, 124, 320, 409, 459, 479, 560

Cape Padrone, 411

Cape Spartel, 714

Cape S. Vincent, battle of, 259, 260

Cape Verde Is., 410

Capell, Lord, 100

Capern, Edward, 699

Capgrave, 557

Cap'n Toby, see Tobias Martin

Capuchin, The, 295

Caradon, 84

Caran Yellatu, 415

Carbura, 554

Carclew, 86, 187, 344, 345

Cardinham, 280

Carew, 109, 114

Carew, Mr., 243

Carew, Thomas, 546

Carew, 554, 652 — on tin-mining, 720 — on trees in Cornwall, 719

Carfax, 207

Cargreen, 730

Carhayes, 395

Carlisle, 89

Carlisle, Sir Anthony, 203

Carlyle, Thomas, 189

Carlyon, C., 122, 229

Carlyon, Dr. Clement, 427

Carmichael, Lord, 648

Carnan Adit, 343

Carnanton, 329, 340, 341

Carnwark, Lord, 15

Carpenter, General, 13

Carpenter, William, 366

Carrick Gladden, 172

Carrick Roads, 456

Carter, Agnes, 471

Carter, Betsy, 478

Carter, Charles, 476, 478

Carter family, the, 471

Carter, Francis, 471

Carter, Frank, 478

Carter, Henry, imprisoned in France, 474, 477 — the biter bit, 474 — a pious smuggler, 471, 473, 477

Carter, John, 275 — a daring smuggler, 471, 472 — imprisoned at Dinan, 474 — King of Prussia, 471, 478

Case of the Unfortunate Bosavern Penlez, 274

Casland, 133

Castell-an-Dinas, 682, 683

Castile, 434

Castle Horneck, 240

Castle, Mr., 589

Castlemaine, Lady, 550

Catalonia, 267

Catenary Curve, 678

Cathayes, 395

"Cat Harris," 287

Catherine of Braganza, 479

Catt, George, 610

Caulfield, James, 48, 369

Cawsand, 354, 474, 476

Cecil, James, 275

Cecil, Lord, 32

Cecil Street, 276

Cephalonia, 446, 448

Ceriziers, 126, 128

Cevennes, 639

Chacewater, 54

Challenger, 505

Challis, Professor, 87, 89

Challoner, Mr., 556, note

Chaloner, 36

Chambers's Journal, 257, 680

Chammond family, the, 165

Champernon, Mr., 592

Champion, Sir Richard, 389

Channel Fleet, 60

Chantrey, 187, 188

Chantrey, Lady, vandalism of, 188

Chapman, Edward, falls into a shaft, 701-703

Chapman, John, 701

Charing Cross, 295

Charles I, 26, 31, 35, 41, 51, 127, 128, 154, 182, 206, 208, 329, 334, 338, 407, 544, 675, 718, 722, 725 — execution of, 42 — imprisonment of, 39

Charles II, 96, 102, 107, 128, 207, 280, 479, 480, 482, 544, 549 — lax government of, 549, 551

Charles II, 730

Charles V, 30

Charles VIII, 729

Charles, Prince, 41

Charles's Wain, 84

Charlotte, 559

Charlotte, Queen, 192

Charter House, 319

Châteaulin, 222

Château-Renaud, 638

Chatham, 377, 609 — Earl of, 318

Chatterton, Thomas, 228, 231

Chavis, John de, 137, 138

Cheapside, 392

Cheesewring, 91, 93

Chelsea Hospital, 17

Cheltenham, 199, 232

Cherbourg, 408

Cheshire, Widow, 469

Chestnuts, 573

Chetham Society, 279

Chiandower, 342

Chichester, 261

Chichester of Hall, 701

Chichester, Elizabeth, 398

Chichester, Sir John, 398, 592

Chilcott, Charles, 185

Child, John, of Surat, 482-486

Child, Mr. Paxton, 646

Child, Sir Joshua, nefarious schemes of, 482-487

Childe Harold, 695

Child's First Prayer, The, 697

Chiltern Hundreds, 527

Chinglapett, 159

Chiverton, Elizabeth, 402, 403, 404, 407

Chiverton, Sir Richard, 403, 407

Cholwel, 115

Christ Church, Oxford, 207, 210, 213, 220, 544

Christiania, 409

Christmas Eve at Jamaica Inn, 627-631

Christopher, Thomas, 532

Church of England, position of, 30

Cibber, Colley, 299

Cilenus, 554

City of London Inn, 322

Claracilla, 548

Clackmannan, 204

Clarendon, Earl of, 43, 206 — on Lord Roberts, 726 — on Noye, 332

Clark, Samuel, 178

Clarke, Dr., 361

Claxton, 17

Cleave, Thomas, 223, 224

Clement, T., 274

Clemo, Miss, 627

Cleopatra, 500, 502

Cleoyan, 591

Clergy, character of, 31, 32, 33

Cleve, 8

Cleveland, Marquess of, 530

Clifden, James, Viscount, 726

Clifton, 126, 676, 727, 729

Clive, Lord, 159, 164, 487

Clobery arms, 231

Clobery, Dr. Glynn, 228

Clobery, John, 228

Clobery, Lucy, 228

Clobery, Mary, 228

Clobery, William, 228

Clowance, 364, 367

Clyst Heath, 588

Coad, Benjamin, 248, 583

Cobb, Captain, 490

Cobbett's Register, 257

Cobbett, William, 464, 520, 522 — in America, 688

Cochrane, Mr., 523

Cochrane, Sir Alexander, 252, 253, 255

Cockburne, Rev. W., 327, 328

Cocks, Lieut.-Col. George, 264

Coffee, introduction of, 482

Coffin, Mr., 588

Coke, Christopher, 706

Coke, Edward, 706

Coke family, the, 704

Coke, Francis, 706 — John, ill-gotten gains of, 705

Coke, Lance, 706

Coke, Sir Anthony, 729

Coke, solicitor, execution of, 51, 52

Coke, Thomas, 706

Colebrook, 398

Coleridge, Derwent, 59

Coles of Reading, 111

Collection of State Papers, 53

College Green, Bristol, 281, 282

Collier, Mr. W. F., 572, 578

Collingwood, Captain, 259, 260, 261, 267

Collingwood, Admiral, 445

Collins, David, 568

Collins, Rev. G., 697

Colman, George, 293, 295

Colman, Mr., 377

Colman, Mr. Edward, 556

Cologne, 127

Colomb, Colonel, 53

Colonial State Papers, 35

Colston, Launcelot, 105

Coltman, Mr. Justice, 121

Comber, river, 59

Commercial Inn, 145

Companion to the Playhouse, The, 548

Compleat Lawyer, 331

Comprehension Bill, 211, 218

Compton, 215

Compton Castle, 227

Compton, Henry, 207, 220

Conception Bay, 265

Conduit Street, 324

Confederate Fleet, 639

Congo, 409, 418, 419, 420

Congo, Exploration of, 409-23

Congreve, Sir William, 66

Connecticut, Governor of, 28

Conner, Caroline, 465

Conon, Mr., 282, 343

Constantine, 701-2

Constantinople, 597, 727-8

Contemporary Review, 454

Conversion of Thomas Tregoss, 179

Convocation of 1689, 215-18

Convocation of the Province of Canterbury, 214

Conway, Mr., 525

Coode, Anne, 388, 398

Coode, Jane, 370

Coode, John, 370

Coode, Richard, 388, 398

Cook, Captain, 497, 564

Cook family, the, 704

Cook, Mr., 287

Cooke, Colonel, 266

Cooke, Henry, 704

Cooke, J. H., 648 note, 651

Cooke, Sir Thomas, 284

Cooke, W., 283

Cooling, Mr., 550

Coote, Mr., 307

Coote, Sir Eyre, 163

Copper mines, 192

Corfu, 451, 514

Corinth, 728

Corn, famine in, 456

Corneille, 126

Cornish Character and Characteristics, 581

Cornish Ghost Story, A, 82

Cornish, J. B., 471 note, 473, 478

Cornish language, current, 243 — decline of, 243-4 — spoken by Dolly Pentreath, 238-45 — spoken in Mousehole, 242

Cornish Magazine (1898), 73, 82, 471

Cornishman, 68

Cornish Saints and Sinners, 245

Cornwall Gazette, 122

Coromandel, 160

"Coronation, The," 58

Corpus Christi Pleasure Fair, 144

Corunna, 458, 463

Coryton, Elizabeth, 406

Coryton family, the, 401

Coryton, John, 388 — claims estates, 396-8

Coryton, John Tillie, 406

Coryton, Mr., 339

Coryton, Peter, 388-9, 398 — accused of murder, 389-95

Coryton, Richard, 396-98 — depositions concerning murder of, 390, 392-3 — murder of, 388, 396, 398

Coryton, Scipio, 396, 398

Coryton, Sir John, 398, 401, 403, 407

Coster, Mr., 342

Cothele, 592

Cottenham, Miss, 262

Cottonian Library, 189

Couch, J., 257

Couch, J. Q., 257

Couchworth, Mr., 611

Courtenay, Sir William, see John Nichols Tom

Courtney, Mr. J. S., 143

Courtney, Mr., 520

Court Place, 117

Coutars, Robert, 613

Covent Garden Theatre, 288, 301, 378, 382, 384, 387, 467

Coverplank, 160

Cowley, Abraham, 553

"Cracked Charity," 593

Craddock, Humphrey, 223, 224

Crafthole, 354

Cranch, Mr., 409, 417

Craven, Lord, 38, 301, 302

Crawford Street, 622

Crawshay, Mr., 197

Crayford, 648

Creation of the World, 680

Creed, 54

Creighton, Dr., 50

Cresswell, Lieutenant, 567

Crocodile, Lady Kitty, 294

Crofts, Cecilia, 546

Crofts, Sir John, 546

Cromwell, Oliver, 26, 36, 37, 40, 45, 46, 49, 70, 127, 479, 549, 724

Cropthorne, 81

Crosby, B., 257

Cry of the Oppressed, 543

Crystal Palace, 620

Cuby, 525

Cudden Point, 470

Culloden, 260

Culpepper, 208

Culver, Mr., 603, 606, 608, 611

Culver, Sarah, 611

Cumberland, Duke of, 278

Cunnack, 171

Cunningham, 315

Curaçao, 62

Curallak, James, 615

Curling, Mr., 607

Curryngton, Peter, see Coryton

Cyfarthfa, 197

Cyrus, 408

Daily Express, 69

Dalling, Lord, 448

Daly, 467

Damann, 460

Danby, Earl of, 220

Dance, Sir Charles, 199

Daniel, the lunatic, 571, 572

Danvers, Colonel, 105

Dargate Common, 606

Darlington, Lord, 526

Dartmoor, 55, 84, 92, 399

Dartmouth, 38, 166, 342, 667

Dartmouth, Earl of, 309

Das Anton, Count, 145

Dasycampa rubiginea, 148

Daubuz, Mr., 583

D'Avenant, Mr., 315

Davenport, Mary Ann, appears at Bath, 466 — her personifications, 467, 468, 469 — style of, 466, 468, 469

Davenport, Mr., 467, 469

Davidstowe, 226

Davies, Henry, 341

Davies, John, 341

Davies, William, 341

Davis, Catherine, 675

Davis, John, 675

Davy, Humphry, 677, 679

Dawes, Mr., 560

Dawlish, 200

Dawson, G., 699 note

Dawson, Mr., 416, 418

Daye, Dorothy, 341

Daye, Peter, 341

Deal, 322

Deanery of Trigg Minor, 225 note

Death, a "natural," 667

Deborah, 469

Debrett's Peerage, 386

De Conflans, 130

Defence, 502

Defoe, Daniel, 72, 79

Delabole slate, 186

Delamere, Lord, 673

Delane, 286

Delasaux, T. T., 613

Delaval, Lord, 290

Delaware, river, 688

Delhi, 251

Deloney, Thomas, 110

Demba, 417

Demerara, 253

De Mezeray, 426

De Morgan, A., 90

Denbigh, Lord, 725

Denham, Sir John, on Killigrew, 545, 553

Denman, Lord, 612

Denmark, 639

Denne & Snow, Messrs., 276 — Mr. George, 600

Dennis, Captain Benedick, 646 — John, 252

Deptford, 410, 716

Derby, Earl of, 435, 661

Dermont, 378

De Ruyter, 46

Derwentwater, Lord, 15

Deveil, Sir Thomas, 287

Devil to Pay, The, 323

Devizes, 633

Devon, Earl of, 599, 600

Devonport, 20, 55, 85, 184, 399, 666 — Dispensary, 268

Devonshire Characters and Strange Events, 54, 55

Dewey, Henry R., 465

Dewin, Mr., 343

De Witt, 46

Dgioun, 597

Diary, Pepys's, 726

Dibdin, 387

Dickens, Charles, 143

Dickwood, Thomas, 26

Dictionary of National Biography, 53, 154, 205, 220, 451, 454, 556 note

Diddler, Jeremy, 468

Diddle, Sir Dilbury, 286

Dido, H.M.S., 236

Digges, Sir Dudley, 330

Dignum, 380

Dinan, 474

Dingley, Dorothy, 81, 82 — appears at Bothathan, 75, 78

Dingley, Francis, 81

Dingley, James, vicar of South Petherwin, 72, 82

Dingley, Mrs., 316

Dingley, Pethebridge, and Dingley, 72

Discovery, 320

Dissertation on the Utility of History, 425

"Diurnall" of Ruddle, 73

Diversions of the Morning, The, 285

Divine Right of Kings, 209, 210, 335

Dixon, Mr. James, 625, 626

Doble, Matthew, 528

Dock Lane, Penzance, 622

Dog, a sagacious, 353

Dogger Bank, 502

Dolcoath, 694, 696

Doleman, Colonel, 45

Dolly's Coffee House, 171

Dominica, 522

Doncaster, 32

Donnithorne, Mr. Nicholas, 283

Don Quixote, 299

Dorchester, Marquis of, 661

Dorothy, 409, 420, 421

Douay Diary, 555, 556 note

Dove, Tom, 113

Dover, 296, 322

Dowlas, Mrs., 469

Down, T. C., 451 note; 454

Dozmare Pool, 628

Drake, Sir Francis, 137

Draper, Lieut.-Col., 162

Dreams—Edward Norway's, 123-125 — Williams's of Perceval, 427

Drew, Jabez, 351, 356

Drew, J. H., 346, 363

Drew, Samuel, 63 — a half-drowned smuggler, 355 — blunders re Bothathan Ghost, 73 — carries the mail, 351 — declines a wife, 360 — early life of, 346 — literary pursuits of, 356, 358, 360, 361 — on Dolly Pentreath, 238, 241 — runs away, 349-351 — sees weird apparition, 374

Drew, value of works of, 361, 362

Drummond family, the, 524

Drummond, Samuel, 625

Drummond-Hay, Sir John, 714

Drury Lane, 288, 300, 301, 302, 552

Drury Lane Theatre, 323, 378, 384, 387

Duberly, Lady, 469

Dublin, 90, 173, 289, 380, 467, 638

Dublin, Marquis of, 433

Duchess of Clarence, 196

Duchy of Lancaster Liberty, 275

Duckworth, Admiral, 443

Duel between Mohun and Hamilton, 311-17

Duelling, 308, 309

Duke of Clarence, 64 note

Duloe, 432

Dumoor Heath, 673

Dunkirk, 46, 332, 612, 639

Dunmeer Woods, 117, 120

Dunstanville, Lord de, 519

Dunster, Baron of, 298

Dupleix, 160, 161

Durable, Miss, 469

Durant, Dorothy, 81 — George, 81 — Richard, 81

Durham, 13

Durnford, Mr., 420

Dursley, Lord, 640, 641, 647

Eagle, wreck of the, 640, 647, 650

Early Years and Late Reflections, 122, 427

Eastbourne, 678, 680, 681

East India Company, 158 — misgovernment by Child, 484-7 — prosperity of, 482, 483 — rights of, 459-61, 479, 482 — treatment of Keigwin, 479

East India House, 374, 485

Eastling, 607

East Looe, 1, 92, 518, 681

Eccles, 299

Ecclesiastical History of New England, 53

Eddystone Lighthouse, 633

Edgar, 638

Edgcumbe, 171 — family, the, 171 — Jane, 592 — Sir Piers, 592

Edgehill, 51, 722

Edict of Nantes, 424

Edinburgh Botanical Society, 143

Edinburgh, Duke of, 669

Edinburgh Journal, 257

Edinburgh, Medical School of, 677

Edinburgh Museum, 633

Edmund, King, 231

Ednovean, 341

Edward I, 243, 500, 719

Edward II, 136, 434

Edward III, 136, 654

Edward IV, 661

Edward VI, 29, 115, 518, 586, 616

Edward VII, 187, 634 — and Ann Glanville, 669

Edwards, Bryant, 172

Edwards, Mr., 98

Edwards, J. P., 363

Edye, Lieut. L., 20, 25

Edye, Mr. William, 20, 23

Eggesford, 225

Egloshayle, 117, 119, 120, 122, 223, 224

Egloskerry, 84

Egmont, 505

Eikon Basilike, 680

Ekins, Mr., 642

El Arbi Shat, 711

Elba, 507

Eider Brethren of Trinity House, 66

Elections, Cornish, 518-530

Eliot, Edward, 73

Eliot, John, 73

Eliot, Lord, 522

Eliot, Sir John, 73, 339

Elizabeth, Queen, 30, 31, 133, 136, 137, 224, 298, 395, 479, 518, 524, 554, 652, 655, 657, 661, 662, 665, 704, 720

Ellery, John, 223, 224

Elliott, Ebenezer, 189

Elliott, Mr., 402

Embonna, 412, 415

Emperors of the East, 727, 728

Endicott, Mr., 35

English Atlas, The, 542

English Botany, 143

English Dictionary, Johnson's, 2

Englishman in Paris, The, 288

Englishman Returned from Paris, The, 288

Enoder, 517

Enquiry of the Barbarous Murder of the Earl of Essex, 104, 106

Entomological Society of London, 147

Enys, 470, 473, 614

Enys, Mr. J. D., 614

Enys, Valentine, 707

Epicæne, 550

Epirus, 513

Epitaph on Dolly Pentreath, 242

Epulæ Thyestæ, 42

Erisey family, the, 500

Erisey, Richard, 140

Erizzo, Francisco, 545

Erwin, 236

Escrick, 96

Esmond, 310

Essay on the Being and Attributes of the Deity, 361

Essay on the Human Understanding, 357

Essay on the Immortality of the Soul, 358, 360

Essex, Earl of, 96, 305, 722, 725

Essex, Arthur, Earl of; suicide of, 96, 97, 100, 104, 106 — supposed murder of, 98, 99, 104

Essex's Innocency and Honour Vindicated, 106

Ethy, 503, 514

Euclid, 92

European Magazine, 626

Euston Square, 193

Evans, Mr., 97

Evelyn's Diary, entry re Peters, 41

Ewes, Colonel, 39

Examiner, The, 308, 314

Excalibur, 605

Excellent, 259, 260

Execution of Bartlett, 395, 327 — of Bosavern Penlez, 274 — of Cuthbert Mayne, 658 — of Eulalia Page, 665 — of Hawkins and Kendal, 140 — of Humphrey Arundell, 592 — of James and William Lightfoot, 122 — of James Tyley, 402 — of Jonathan Simpson, 674 — of Lord Russell and Sidney, 485 — of the Mayor of Bodmin, 590 — of Rogers and Street, 367 — of Russell, 209 — of Samuel Goodere, 282 — of Sir Robert Tresilian, 440 — of the Vicar of S. Thomas's, 588 — of William Kilter, 587 note

Exeter, 8, 12, 80, 111, 113, 134, 144, 156, 179, 220, 224, 375, 467, 524, 560, 628, 704

Exeter, Bishop of, 140, 219, 425

Exeter Cathedral, 219, 375

Exeter College, Oxford, 177, 329, 554, 722

Exeter, siege of, 588

Exmoor, 92

Exmouth, 601 — Lord, 456, 507

Eyre, Mr., 422

Fadlallah, 3

Faery, The, 472, 473

Fahil, Captain, 320

Fairfax, Sir Thomas, 36, 39

Fairies, 533, 536, 538

Fairman, W. C., 614

Fairs, Corpus Christi, 144 — Falmouth, 370

Faith-cures, 542

Fal, the, 133, 370

Falkland, Lord, 208, 544

"Fall of Man, The," 631

Falmouth, 60, 62, 136, 137, 145, 187, 250, 370, 373, 410, 429, 456, 458, 478, 497, 623, 628, 631, 633, 663, 695, 699, 717

Falmouth, Lord, 525

Falmouth fair, 370

Falmouth harbour, 134, 371

"Falstaff of the West," see Anthony Payne

Familiar Letters, 331, 332 note, 333 note

Farey, Mr., 200

Farming in America, 684

Fatal Curiosity, The, 619

Fatima, 213

Faulkener, one-legged, 289

Faversham, 606, 612

Favourite, 320

Fawcett, Nabob, 522

Fearon, Colonel, 490, 498, 499

Fellowes, Captain, 261-267

Felt, J. B., 53

Fenny Park, 157

Fenton, Mr., 448, 449

Fenwick, Colonel, 498

Feock, 244

Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, 729

Ferguson, 314

Fermon, Jane, 135 — Sir George, 135 — Sir William, 135

Fetiche Rock, 413

Fez, 715

Fielding, Henry, 275-278 — Sir John, 630

Fiennes, Nathaniel, 37, 724

Filmer, 208, 221

Firebrand, 640, 647

"First Primrose, The," 694

Fishbourne, 559

Fisher, Rev. Thomas, 427

Fish Strand, 458

Fitzallen family, 112

Fitzmaurice, Mr., 410

Five-lanes, 190

Flannel, The, 381

Fleas, 659

Fleet Conduit, 27

Fleet Prison, 291, 337, 543, 555

Fleet Street, 276

Fleetwood, 667

Fleta, 136

Fletcher, 487

Flood accounts for fossils, 4

Flora of West Cornwall, 143

Flower, 54

Flushing, 455, 456

Foad, Alexander, 608, 611

Foley, 188

Folger, Peter, 34

Folkestone, Viscount, 649

"Folly, The," 131

Foote family, the, 280 — arms of, 280

Foote, Edward, 282, 294

Foote, Elizabeth, 280

Foote, John, 280, 282

Foote, Mrs., 282-4, 291

Foote, Samuel, and George II, 294 — appears as Othello, 285 — boastfulness punished, 290 — caricatures his friends, 288, 289 — character of, 283, 287 — dramatic talent of, 296 — early life of, 280, 282, 284 — extravagance of, 287, 290 — his Diversions, 285 — jocularity of, 283, 292, 293, 294, 296 — mimicry of, 283, 286, 287, 289, 292, 293, 294 — prank at college, 284 — rebuilds Haymarket, 290 — trial of, 295

Foote, Samuel, of Tiverton, 280

Footprints of Former Men in Far Cornwall, 93, 185

Forbes, John, 34

Forbes, Professor Ed., 189

Fordwick, Lord, 599

Forest of Dean, 168

Fore Street, St. Ives, 172

Formidable, 376

Forrabury, 109

Forster, General, 13

Fort Royal, 321

Fort S. David, 158, 160, 161

Fort S. George, 158, 159, 162

Fort S. Julian, 145

Fort Tregantle, 148

Fort William, 158

Fossils—never found in granite, 95 — superstition about origin of, 4

Foster's Baronetage, 156

Fowey, 26, 187, 247, 248, 298, 329, 515, 518, 723

Fowler, Dean, 213

Fox, Caroline, 86, 90 — on Burnard, 188

Foxwell, Mr., 61

Fragments of an Unfinished Drama, 454

Francis, 707

Francis, Mr. G., 603

Franklyn, Mr., 28

Frederick, Prince of Wales, 319, 344

Frederick the Great, 471

Freemantle, Admiral, 514

Free Trade, see Smuggling

Fremington, 225

Fresnel, 202

Friar Street, London, 204

Friendship, 559, 561

Frisk, Lady Betty, 286

Froissart, Sir John, on Sir Robert Tresilian, 435-40

Frome, 103

Frome Selwood, 99

Froude, J. A., 657 — on Archbishop Parker, 31 — on the Church of England, 32 — on the Reformation, 29

Fry, Mr., 679

Fryer, Dr., 479

Fulford, Elizabeth, 592

Fulford, Sir John, 592

Fulham, 672

Fulmer, 467

Fulton, Mr., 688

"Furry Day," Helston, 59

Gall, John, 113

Galway, Mr., 410, 417

Gardiner, Captain Allen, death and burial of, 236, 237 — encounters hardships, 234, 235 — starts for Terra del Fuego, 232, 233

Gardiner, S. R., 53

Garnett, Mr. R., 445, 454

Garonne, 196

Garrick, David, mimicked by Foote, 286, 292

Garrick Coffee House, 380

Garth, Mr., 420

Gascoyne, Mr., 525

Gaverigan, John, 718

Gaverigan, Philippa, 718

Gawsworth, 317

Gay, Thomas, 386

Geffrey, Joan, 718

Gell, Philip, 521

General Advertiser, 285

Geneva, 31

Genoa, 707

Gentleman's Magazine, 19, 169, 170, 279, 423, 529

Geological discoveries by Pengelly, 4, 7-10

Geology, Pengelly's first lesson in, 4

George I, 184, 713

George II, 294

George III, 223, 524

George IV, 223

George Inn, Newnham, 607

George of Denmark, Prince, 639

George's Coffee House, 286

Georgian Æra, 468

Germansweek, 109

Germoe, 342

Gerrard, Fitton, 299

Ghosts — appears to Gumb, 94 — at Bothathan, 74-79, 82 — at S. Austell, 347, 348 — of Tregeagle, 628

Giants, 185

Giants and Dwarfs, 185

Gibbon, Edward, 729

Gibraltar, 503, 639, 716

Gibson, Captain, 730

Giddy, Edward, 675

Giddy, John, 675

Giddy, Mr. Davies, 192

Giddy, Rev. Edward, 341

Giddy, Thomas, 675

Gidley, John, 560

Gilbert, Carew Davies, 340 note

Gilbert, C. S., 662 —finds Payne's portrait, 184

Gilbert, Davies, 20, 23, 167, 192, 340, 341 — and the Logan Rock, 680 — and the Royal Society, 679 — frames Act of interment of the drowned, 62 — friend of Beddoes, and Humphry Davy, 676, 677 — his collection of carols, 676, 681 — his wife, 678 — his works, 680 — on derivation of Week, 109 — on Henry Rogers, 368, 369 — on John Knill, 171, 173 — practical mathematician, 677, 678, 680

Gilbert, Mary Ann, 678 — a strong-minded partner, 679

Gilbert, Thomas, 220

Gilbert, Walter Raleigh, 227

Gildew, Mr., 556 note

Gilpin, 405

Ginger, J., 328

Gingi, 163

Gironde, 505

Gladiator, 254

Glaisher, Professor, 89, 90

Glance behind the Curtain, 70

Glanville, Ann, beats the French, 668 — champion oarswoman, 666 — character of, 669 — Jack Tar's mother, 666

Glanville, Eulalia, 665

Glanville family, the, 664, 665

Glanville, Judge, 665

Glanville, Mary, 665

Glasgow, 202

Glasgow, 509

"Glee Club, The," 380

Gleig, Mr., 504

Glimpses of the Supernatural, 81

Glivian, 173

Gloag family, the, 256

Gloucester, 112, 199, 648 note, 651

Gloucester, Bishop of, 531

Gloucester Hall, 284

Gloucester, Thomas, Duke of, 432-439 — and Sir Robert Tresilian, 438-440

Gluvias, 500, 614, 615 note, 616

Glyn, Dennis, 280

Glyn, Nicholas, 280

Glynn, Robert, 228

Glynn-Clobery, Richard, his prize poem, 231 — life at Cambridge, 229-30 — strong Chattertonian, 228, 231

Goadby & Co., 347, 349

Godolphin House, 584, 705

Godolphin, Lady, discovers Coke's ill practices, 705

Godolphin, Lord, 343

Godolphin, Margaret, 480

Godolphin, Nicholas, 480

Godolphin, Prudence, 706

Godolphin, Sir Francis, 704

Godolphin, William, 706

Golden, 528, 652, 656

Golden Grove, 559, 565

Golding, Lady, 630

Goldsmith, Lieutenant, 680 — death of, 25 — describes displacement, 21 — displaces Logan Stone, 19 — replaces Logan Stone, 23

Goldsmith, Oliver, 19

Goldsworthy, General, 192

Gonzalo, 371

Goodall, John, 406

Goodall, Peter, 406

Goodall, William, 406

Goodere, Samuel, 280 — strangles his brother, 281-2

Goodere, Sir Edward, 280

Goodere, Sir John Dinely, 280 — strangled by his brother, 281-2

Goodfellow, John, 223-4

Goodrestone, 606

Goodwin, John, 42, 48

Goodwin, Rev. Harvey, 89

Goodwin Sands, 602

Gordon, Colonel, 448

Goring, Lord George, 38, 723

Gorran, 12

Gotha, 453

Gottenburg, 501

Gough, General, 189, 405-6

Gould, Jacky, 664

Gout not hereditary, 229

Gower, Dr., 284

Graham, Mr., 716

Graham, Sir Thomas, 487

Grampound, 329, 515, 516, 517, 518, 527, 529 — disfranchisement of, 524 — elections at, 522-524

Grandison, John, Earl, 318

Grasse, Count de, 377

Gravesend, Bishop of, 386

Gray's Inn, 170, 173, 283

Graythwaite, 374

Great Eastern Company, 70

Great Exhibition, 620

Great Smith, 643

Great Torrington, 179

Green Castle, 62

Green, J. R., 208

Greenwich, 269

Greenwich Hospital, 626

Gregor, Mr., 424

Gregory XIII, 653, 654

Grenville family, the, 181

Grenville, Lady, 328

Grenville, Lady Grace, 183

Grenville, Lord, 319, 323

Grenville, Sir Beville, 182

Grenville, Sir John, 183

Grenville, Sir Richard, 139, 653, 722, 724

Gretna Green, 465

Grey de Ruthyn, 112

Grey, Lord, 588

Grey of Gloucester, 112

Grey, Thomas, 661

Grey, William, Lord, 589

Griffith, Anne, 317

Griffith, Colonel Edward, 299

Grove, 156

Grub Street, 317

Grylls, Rev. P. Couch, 85

Grylls, Tabitha Knill, 83

Guardian, 319

Guernsey, 246

Guiana, 134

Guide to Ilfracombe, 143

Guide to Penzance, 143

Guildhall, London, 390

Guilston, 646

Gulf of Finland, 408

Gulf of Lyons, 267

Gull, 87

Gumb, Daniel, Hawker's account of, 94 — observatory of, 92 — stone diagrams of, 92, 93

Gunning, 231

Gunpowder Plot, 661

Gunther, Captain, 420

Gurney, John, 192

Gurney, Miss A. D., 205

Gurney, Sir Goldsworthy, 192-205

Gurney invents and applies steam-blast, 194-197, 203, 204, 205 — invents Bude light, 202, 205 — invents oxyhydrogen blow-pipe, 203-205 — prejudice against his inventions, 200, 202, 205 — prophecies of, 203, 204 — runs a steam-coach, 198, 205 — uses concrete, 204

Gustavus of Sweden, 511

Gwennap, 427

Gwennap mines, 343

Haberdashers' Company, 542

Habingdon, Mr., 38

Hachard, J., 328

Hackworth, Mr., 195

Hadleigh, 727

Hague, The, 128, 547

Hales' estate, the, 600

Halifax, 261, 267

Hall, 81, 701

Hall, Mr., 109

Hall, Mr. S. C., on J. S. Buckingham, 455, 463

Halley's Comet, 85

Hallowell, Admiral, 506

Halls, Honor, 360

Halstead, Mr., 97

Hals, John, inaccuracy of, 137 — 244, 338, 340, 557, 591, 616, 680 — on Edward Chapman, 701 — on John Coke, 704-706 — on Tillie, 400, 403, 404

Hals, Sir Nicholas, 135, 136, 137

Hambley family, the, 455

Hambley, Thomazine, 455

Hamilton, Colonel John, examination of, 315, 316 — second in Mohun's duel, 311-315

Hamilton, Duchess of, 316

Hamilton, Duke of, fights with Mohun, 310-317

Hamilton, Marquis of, 39

Hamley, Colonel, 569

Hamley, Mr., 370

Hamoaze, 663, 667

Hampden, John, 96

Hanacott Manor, 204

Handel, 378

Handley, Mr., 609

Hanover, 16, 308, 424

Hanover Square, 345

Hanseatic League, 334

Hans Towns, 136

Hardcastle, Mrs., 467, 469

Harley, 79

Harley, Robert, 310

Harlyn, 26

Harpford, 701

Harpsfield, 557

Harrington, Earl of, 317

Harris, Alfred, 697, 699

Harris, Captain John, 623

Harris, George, 369

Harris, Howard, 697, 699

Harris, James, 695

Harris, Jane, 697

Harris, John, early versifications of, 694 — his escapes from death, 698 — his own account of his life, 692-698 — his prize poem on Shakespeare, 699 — miner poet, 700 — reads Shakespeare, Byron, and Burns, 695 — talent of, 699 — vanity of, 694, 697, 698

Harris, Lucretia, 697

Harris, Mr. J. Henry, 245

Harris, shoemaker, 119

Harris, Sir W. Snow, 203

Harris, Susan, 623

Harris, Thomas, 378

Harrison, Colonel, 51

Hartland, 92

Hartland Abbey, 156, 165

Harvey family, the, 467

Harvey, Catherine, 428

Harvey, Joseph, 467

Harvey, Lord, 376

Harvey, Martin, 428

Harvey, Mary Ann, 466; see Davenport

Harvey, Sir Robert, 185

Harwich, 320

Hatch, J., 366

Havre, 130, 597, 667

Haweis, 432

Hawke, 130

Hawker, Rev. R. S., 73 — on Gumb, 93 — on Payne, 183, 185

Hawkey, Charles, 408

Hawkey, Charlotte, 166, 168, 408, 423

Hawkey, Lieutenant Joseph, 408

Hawkey, Lieutenant John, death of, 422 — explores the Congo, 409-422 — narrow escape from drowning, 410 — prisoner in France, 408

Hawkey, Mr., 166

Hawkey, Richard, 408

Hawkey, William, 408

Hawkins family, the, 515, 516

Hawkins, Florence, 516

Hawkins, Francis, 516

Hawkins, George, 516

Hawkins, Jane, 516

Hawkins, John, 516, 517

Hawkins, Maria, 443

Hawkins, Mary, 516

Hawkins, Mr., 138-140

Hawkins, Philip, 516, 517

Hawkins, Reginald, 516

Hawkins, Renatus, 516

Hawkins, Sir Christopher, 443 — acquires land, 517 — borough-monger, 515, 520, 521, 526 — encourages inventions, 527 — influence at Grampound, 522-524, 527 — influence at S. Ives, 524, 527-529 — M.P. for Mitchell, 518, 527 — M.P. for Penryn, 527 — tried for corruption, 520

Hawkins, Thomas, 516, 517

Hawley, Captain, 101, 105

Hayle, 172, 516

Haymarket Theatre, 285, 287, 294, 295, 377, 465, 467 — rebuilt by Foote, 290 — wreckage of, 278

Hayward, Abraham, 578

Hayward, Sir John, 590

Heathman, Francis, 538

Heir at Law, 469

Heliophotus hispidus, 151

Helland, 228, 592

Helston, 60, 61, 67, 71, 170, 171, 329, 362, 364, 516, 579, 580, 678 —described, 59

"Helston Arms," 582

Helston Church, 587

Hender, Frances, 721

Hender, John, 721

Hengest, 231

Henley, 287

Henry II, 407

Henry III, 133, 298

Henry VI, 109, 111

Henry VII, 32, 154, 661

Henry VIII, 243, 247, 586, 652, 655 — and the Reformation, 28, 29

Herald's Visitations of Cornwall, 81, 107, 155, 224, 280, 370, 441, 661, 701

Herald's Visitations of Devon, 171

Herbert, Admiral, 638

Herbert, Lord Charles, 544

Herbert, Mr. Edmund, on Sir C. Shovel, 642, 646

Herbert, Sir William, 589

Hercules, 446

Herkomer, Professor von, 90

Heme Hill, 606, 609, 611

Herod's Foot, 581

Heroes of the old Falmouth Packet Service, 626

Herring, Mr. F., 190

Herschel, Sir John, 88

Hesse, Charlotte van, 547

Hesse, John van, 547

Heywood, Anne, 516

Heywood, James, 517

Hicker, George, 543

Hicks, Polly, 283

Hicks, William Robert, chestnuts of, 573 — examples of humour of, 574-578 — personal appearance of, 569-575 — tells of an indifferent night, 574 — versatility of, 569

Higginson, Rev., 34

Higher Brown Quartils, 75, 78, 80, 82

Highgate, 387

Highgate, Lord, 386

High Life Below Stairs, 407

Highwaymen, see Jonathan Simpson

Hill, Captain Richard, 299, 300 — escapes, 305-6 — murders Mountford, 299-304

Hill, Mr., 427-8

Historical and Critical Account of Hugh Peters, 53

Historical Journal of the Transactions at Port Jackson and Norfolk Island, 568

Historical Survey of Cornwall, 662

History of the Commonwealth, 53

History of Cornwall, 73, 238, 243, 361, 401, 616, 680

History of England, Froude's, 31 note, 32 note

History of the Four Last Years of the Queen, 317

History of His Own Times, 53, 106

History of John Gilpin, 2

History of the Life and Adventures of Mr. Duncan Campbell, 72

History of Looe, 681

History of Polperro, 257

History of the Reign of Queen Anne, 645 note, 648, 651

History of Rev. Hugh Peters, 53

History of Queen Anne, The, 307, 308 note

History of the West Indies, 172

Histrio-Mastix, 335

Hitchens, 243

Hodder, Mr., 418

Holborn, 170, 276

Holdsworth, Mr. Arthur, 166

Holinshed, 432

Holland, Captain, 105

Holland House, 326

Holland, Lord, 327

Holland, Sir John, 437-8

Holman, Samuel, 405

Holmes, Mr., 526

Holsworthy, 108, 156

Holt, 305

Holyhead, 626

Homer Place, 622

Honiton, 588

Hooker, John, 155

Hooker, Richard, 369, 588

Hope, General Sir John, 505

Hopton, Sir Ralph, 206

Horace, 692

Hore, Richard, 654

Hornblower, Jonathan, 677

Horner, Mr., 524

Horse, a sagacious, 352

"Horse and Groom," 326

"Horse and Jockey," 582

Hosken, Anthony, 226

Hosken, Nancy, 226

Hoskin family, the, 683

Hoskin, James, advice to his children, 690 — and his rector, 683 — burial of, 682 — his adventures in America, 685-89 — on farming in the States, 684

Hoskin, return of, 689

Hoskin, John William, 683

Hoskin, Richard Vinnicombe, 683

Hosking, Harriet, 669

Hotham, Sir John, 36

Hound, 650

Hounslow Heath, 17

House, Jane, 669

Household Books of Lord William Howard, 556 note

Household Words, 1852, 22 note

Howard, Lord, 96

Howard, Lord William, 555, 558

Howard Street, 301, 302

Howell, James, 128, 518 — on Noye, 331, 333, 338, 340

Howes, Mr. James, 390

Hudibras, 44

Hudson, Mr., 148

Hudson, river, 689

Hugo, Mr., 594

Huguenots, massacre of, 653

Hull, 642, 667

Humayoon Shah, 460, 462

Humphries, Mr., 323

Hungate, Dom Gregory, 556

Hungerford, 210

Hunt, Anna Maria, 726

Hunt, James, 613

Hunt, Thomas, 726

Hunter, John, 560, 568

Huntly, 485

Hurst Castle, 39

Hyde, Edward, 206

Hyde, Sir Edward, 545

Hyde Park, 16, 17, 311, 316

Hyder Ali, 164

Hyndford, Earl of, 648

Identity and Resurrection of the Human Body, The, 360

Ilfracombe, 143

Illustrated London News, 620, 622

Illustrious Obscure, An, 578

Imaum of Muscat, 460, 462

Imperial Magazine, 361, 363

Incledon, Charles, chorister at Exeter, 375 — death of, 387 — hoaxed, 380, 381, 385, 386 — in the navy, 376, 377 — partiality for wine, 381, 382, 383, 387 — selfishness of, 383, 384

Incledon, theatrical experiences of, 377, 378, 387 — vanity of, 380, 381, 382, 386 — voice of, 378, 379, 386 — wrecked, 380

Incledon, Mrs., 382, 382, 384

Indefatigable, 456

Independents, rise of, 37

Ingoldsby, Colonel Richard, 17

Ingram, Sir Arthur, 331

Inner Temple, 554

Innes, Mr., 523

Innocent Lady, The, 128

Inny, river, 83

Inquiries Concerning the Intellectual Power, 427

Inventions—by Call, 158 — of the Bude light, 202 — of heating houses, 204, 205 — of life-saving rockets, 63, 64 — of the locomotive, 193 — of the oxyhydrogen blow-pipe, 203 — the steam-blast, 195-197 — of a torpedo, 688

Invincible, 321

Ireland, Duke of, 433, 435, 438, 439

Irresistible, 260

Isle of Wight, 39

Isthmus of Suez, 459

Jackman, 55

Jackman, Mr. William, 244

Jackson, constable, 119

Jackson, Rev., 295

Jackson, William, 375

Jago, Dr., 730

Jago, Rev. W., 626

Jamaica, 172, 515, 683

Jamaica Inn, 573, 628, 629 — Christmas Eve at, 627-631

James I, 31, 134, 718, 721

James II, 105, 106, 209, 210, 221, 402, 542, 638

James, Ann, 582

James's Naval History, 257, 626

Jamison, Mr., 566

Jane family, the, 206

Jane, Joseph, 206 — answers Milton's Εικονοκλαστης, 207

Jane, Thomas, 206

Jane, William, 207

Jane, William, blocking tactics of, 216-219

Jane confers on Real Presence, 209 — Prolocutor, 215 — rapid promotion of, 207, 219 — transfers allegiance to William III, 210, 221

Janina, 508, 513

Janus, 211, 330

Jefferies, Anne, abstains from food and performs cures, 531, 535, 537, 538 — imprisoned, 531, 540 — meets with fairies, 532, 533, 536, 538

Jefferies, Mr., 420

Jeffery, Dolly, 238, 245; see Pentreath

Jeffery, John, 247

Jeffery, Robert, exploits his privations, 256 — Government inquiry concerning, 254 — impressed for Navy, 248, 250 — left on Sombrero, 251, 253 — thief, 250

Jeffreys, Judge, 104, 106

Jeffreys, Lord, 542

Jenken, Mary, 71

Jenken, Samuel, 71

Jenkin, Captain W., 678

Jennings, Captain, 458

Jennings, Elizabeth, 458

Jerusalem, King of, 599, 600

Jervis, Sir John, 258, 259

Jeune Richard, Le, 623, 624

Jewell family, the, 156

Jewell, Sarah, 156

John II, 727

John, King, 719

John and Nicholas, 626

John, Elizabeth, 615

John, Joan, 615, 616

John, Margaret, 615

John, Michael, 615, 616

Johnson, Dr. Samuel, 2, 167, 675 — and Samuel Foote, 289, 293

Johnson, Mr., 420

Johnstone, Andrew C., 522

Johnstone, Jack, 381

"Joiners' Arms," S. Columb, 593

Jones, Mrs. Cadwalader, 157

Jones, William, 717

Jonson, Ben, 337, 338, 550

Jope, Mr., 171

Jope, Rev. John, 173

Jordan, Mrs., 468

Jordan, W., 680

Josselin, 474

Journal of the Royal Institution of Cornwall, 140, 185, 626, 644, 651

Juga, 415, 417, 418

Jumper, Sir W., 642

Justification of the War, 46

Kardihi, 509

Karikal, 163

Keates, Captain, 443

Keene, Mr., 196-7

Keigwin family, the, 480

Keigwin, Captain Richard, character of, 488 — Commandant at Bombay, 479-80, 483, 485, 487 — revolts from misgovernment of E. I. Company, 484-7

Keigwin, J., 680

Keigwin, Jenkin, 480

Keigwin, Margaret, 480

Keigwin, Richard, 480

Kekewich, Loveday, 206

Kekewich, William, 206

Kelly, Earl, 293

Kelly, Mr., of Kelly, 665

Kelly, T., 613

Kelynack family, the, 620

Kelynack, Charles, 620

Kelynack, Mary, her reception, 621 — walks to London, 620

Kelynack, Philip, 620

Kelynack, William, 620

Kemble, Frances A., 454

Kemble, John, 379, 384

Kempe, John, 654

Kempthorne, Admiral, 374

Kempthorne, Captain, 457

Kendal, 138-40

Keneggy, 478

Kenmure, Lord, 13, 15

Kennall, Dr., 243

Kennedy, Lord, 299

Kensington, 312, 326

Kent, The, loss of, 489-99

Kentisbeare, 225

Kent's Cavern, Torquay, exploration of, 8

Kenwyn, 428

Kenyon, Lord, 519, 526

Kerrisvean, 634

Kew, 410

Khorchid Pacha, 513

Kidleywink, 470

Kigilliath, 179

Kilkhampton, 182

Killefreth, 428

Killigrew, 133

Killigrew family, the, 133, 140, 500, 544, 553 — stage-struck, 544, 552

Killigrew, Charles, 547, 552

Killigrew, Frances, 140

Killigrew, Henry, 544, 547

Killigrew, Jane, contrives Spanish murders, 136 — protected by Penryn, 135 — Spanish murders wrongly attributed to, 137

Killigrew, Lady, 729

Killigrew, Martin, 134

Killigrew, Mary, involved in Spanish murders, 137-140

Killigrew, Ralph, 133

Killigrew, Robert, 547

Killigrew, Simon, 133

Killigrew, Sir Henry, 729

Killigrew, Sir John, 133, 134

Killigrew, Sir Peter, 140

Killigrew, Sir Robert, 544

Killigrew, Sir William, 136, 544

Killigrew, Thomas, answers Louis XIV, 546 — at the Restoration, 547, 548 — gives good counsel to the king, 549, 550 — misbehaviour at Venice, 545 — plays of, 547 — satirizes Lady Shrewsbury, 552

Killigrew, Thomas, jun., 547, 552

Killingworth Colliery, 195

Kilmar, 84

Kilter, William, 587 note

Kimberley, Earl of, 140

Kimmeridge clay, 9

King, Lieut. Philip G., Governor of New South Wales, 568 — in charge at Norfolk Is., 564-567 — voyage to Botany Bay, 569, 561

King, Philip, 560

King, Rear-Admiral P. Parker, 568

King, Sir Peter, 308

Kingsand, 269

King's Bench, 543

King's Bench Prison, 661

King's College, Cambridge, 228, 231

King's College, London, 89

King's House Theatre, 548

King Street, Westminster, 542

Kingston Bridge, 672

Kingston, Duchess of, 289, 294

Kingston, Sir Anthony, 589

Kirrier, 244

Kit-Cat, 315

Kittites, the, 523

Knatchbull, N. J., 613

Kneller, Sir Godfrey, 183, 184

Knight, Mr., 327

Knill, 171

Knill family, 171

Knill, John, collector of customs, 170, 171 — conditions of his bequest to S. Ives, 173 — his monument, 169, 170 — suspected of smuggling, 172

Knill's Folly, 169

Knollys, Sir Robert, 432

Knox, Mr., 556 note

Knyvett, Henry, 133

Kolokotroni, 446

Koran, 511

Kosseir, 460

Kyber, 67

Labourdonnais, 159

Lady Harriet, 458

Lady Hobart, wreck of, 251-263, 267

Lady Penrhyn, 559

Lagos, 130

La Hogue, 639

Lake, Baron, of Delhi, 251

Lake, Capt. the Hon. W., 248 — court-martialled, 254-256 — leaves Jeffery on Sombrero, 251 — takes undue credit for attack on Albion, 248, 249

Lake family, arms of, 251

Lake, Gerard, Viscount, 248

Lally, Count de, 159, 161

Lamartine, 596

Lambesso, 280

Lanarth, 370, 374

Lanbetherick, 723

Lancaster, Duke of, 434

Landen, battle of, 12

Lander, Benjamin, 272, 273

Lander, Richard, 189

Landewednack, 244

Landguard Fort, 441

Landrake, 12

Land's End, 19, 21, 60, 67, 143, 425, 500, 502, 537, 621, 633, 675

Landulph, 126, 226, 727, 729

Laneast, 83

Lane End, 120

Langdon, Mr., 375

Langford, 108

Langhorn, 128

Lanherne, 661

Lanhydrock, 206, 718, 722, 724, 726

Lanlivery, 224

Lansdown, 183

Lansellyn, 528

Lanteglos, 298, 424-426

Lanyon Quoit, 680

Laocoon, 187

Lappet, 466

Larvæ of British Butterflies and Moths, 147

Last Days of Percy Bysshe Shelley, The, 454

Laud, Archbishop, 28, 33, 37, 38, 334

Lauderdale, Duke of, 551

Lauderdale, Lady, 509, 511

Launcells, 156, 205, 223

Launceston, 72, 73, 77, 79, 80, 83, 89, 111, 136, 140, 178, 179, 184, 204, 389, 395, 402, 466, 555, 560, 568, 573, 589, 627, 656, 663, 670, 671

Launceston Assizes, 654

Launceston Castle, 659, 661

Launceston Gaol, 653, 661

Launceston Free School, 73, 80

Launceston Past and Present, 82

Laurence, Dr. Thomas, 299

Laurence, Elizabeth, 299

Laurence, George, 642

Laurence, Major, 162

La Valeur, 643

Lawhadden, 32

Laureate, Richard, 405

Lazarus II, 729

Lean, Miss, 683

Lebanon, 597

Lee, 300

Lee, Amelia, 669

Lee, Dr., 81, 82

Lee, Francis, 730

Lees, 607

Leeward Is., 252

Legacy of a Dying Father, 38, 44, 45

Legend of S. Samson, 83

Leghorn, 477

Leland, 247, 652

Lemon, Bill, 575

Lemon, Major William, 345

Lemon, Sir Charles, 187, 188

Lemon, Sir William, 344

Lemon, William, his chough, 343 — mining ventures of, 342, 343 — respect for, 344

Lenox, 642, 643

Lenox, Duke of, 331

Lens, Mr. Serjeant, 520

Leominster, Baron, 135

Lesneuth, 227

L'Esprit de Monsieur Arnaud, 104

Lesser Antilles, 251

Le Strange, Hammond, 335

Lethbridge, Christopher, 568

Lethbridge, Harriet, 568

Lethbridge, John King, 83

Lethbridge, Mr., 422

Letter to the Rev. Wm. Cockburne, 328

Levant, 500

Leverrier, 87, 88

Lewes, Dr. Richard, 531

Lezant, 81, 224, 225, 226

Lias, blue, 4

Liberation Society, 627

Lichfield, 32

Lidcott, 83, 89

Liége, 372

Life and Extraordinary Adventures of Sir William Courtenay, 613

Life of Francis Tregian, 662

Life of King Charles I, 335

Life of Lord Chancellor Hardwick, 369

Life of The Prince Consort, 622

Life of Robert Jeffery, 257

Life of Samuel Drew, 346, 363

Life of Vice-Admiral Sir C. V. Penrose, 514

Life of William Pengelly, 11

Lightfoot, William, 117 — confession of, 120 — executed, 122 — murders Norway, 119

Lillo, 619

Limelight, discovery of, 203, 205

Lincoln, 517

Lincoln's Inn, 329, 335

Linkinhorne, 81, 91, 95

Linley, 378

Lion, The, 600

Lisbon, 458, 463, 661, 662

Liskeard, 191, 206, 207, 349, 350, 408, 577, 581

Literary Characters, 360

Litterbury, Robert, 542

Little Holland House, 327

Little Petherick, 73

Littleton, 330

Lively, 602

Liverpool, 198

Liverpool, 200, 232, 233, 361, 380, 595, 667

Lives of some Eminent Persons, 178

Lives of the Engineers, 198 note

Lives of the English Saints, 555

Lives of the Illustrious, 363

Lizard, The, 59, 60, 173, 370, 372, 407

Llenda, 12

Lloyd, John, 104, 238

Loader, Edmund, 643

Loando, 412

Lobb, Mr., 535

Lockart, Colonel, 47, 48

Locke, William, 221, 357

Locker, Captain, 648 note

Lockhart, David, 418, 420

Locomotives invented, 193

Lodeman, Jane, 99

Loe Bar, 59

Loe Pool, 59

Logan Rock of S. Levan, described, 18, 19 — displaced by Goldsmith, 19, 680 — replaced, 23

Lombard, Rev. Daniel, previous life of, 424 — seeks Lanteglos, 425 — simplicity of, 425

Lombee, 413

London, 198, 204, 361, 377, 387, 389, 435, 481, 517, 537, 542, 569, 599, 602, 609, 617, 620, 625, 628, 661, 707, 721

London Bridge, 678

Londonderry, Earl of, 318

Long Island, 688

Long, John, 405

Longevity, Rules for, 635

Longman, Rees & Co., 346

Looe, 5; see also East Looe

Looe, 247

Looe Island, 354

Lopes, Sir Manasseh, 515, 521

Lopes, bribery at Grampound, 523-4

Lord Nelson, 250

Lord of the Isles, 86

Lostwithiel, 503, 525

Loudon's Architectural Magazine, 570

Lourdes, 542

Louis XIV, 372, 546

Louis XV, 161

Love at First Sight, 548

Lovers' Vows, 469

Lowell, J. R., 70

Lower family, the, 126, 129

Lower, Dr. Richard, 129

Lower, Elizabeth, 129

Lower, John, 126

Lower, Lady, 729

Lower, Sir Nicholas, 126, 729

Lower, Sir William, 126-29 — his works, 128 — Royalist soldier, 126

Lower Tooting, 568

Ludgvan, 343, 682, 683

Ludlow's account of Peters, 28, 36, 52

Luellin, 548

Lumley's Horse, 15

Luttrell, Narcissus, 100, 403

Lydiard, Captain, 60

Lyell, Sir Charles, 10

Lyme, 36

Lyme Regis, 4

Lyne, Amye, 408

Lyne, Rev. John, 408

Lyra, 506

Lysons Brothers, 156

Lyttleton, Christiana, 319

Lyttleton, George, Lord, 319

Lyttleton, Lord, 699 note

Mabe, 179

MacAlister, Dr. Donald, 90

Macaulay, T. B., 209, 216, 220, 305 — on East India Company, 481, 485 — on Hugh Speke, 102

MacCartney, General, flight of, 314-15 — second to Mohun, 311-15

Macclesfield, Earl of, 299, 307-8, 310, 317

Mace, 328

MacEnery, Rev. J., 8

Mackintosh, Brigadier, 13, 15

Macklin, 285

Maclean, Sir H., 716

Maclean, Sir William, 225

Madras, 158-9, 161, 164, 479 — siege of, 162-4

Madron, 620

Madura, 164

Maharatta War, 251

Mahomet Ali, 459, 462

Mahomed Usuff Cawn, 164

Mahony, Matthew, 281

Mahrattas, the, 480, 487

Maidment, Mr., 236-7

Maidstone Assizes, 602, 611, 613

Mail-coaches, 628, 663 — introduced, 377

Mainwaring, Charlotte, 298

Mainwaring, Thomas, 298

Maitland, Sir Thomas, 508-9, 511

Major, Margery, 406

Malabar coast, 479

Malaga, 639

Malaprop, Mrs., 468

Malta, 458, 507, 599

Mammoth Bones, 9

Manaccan, 500

Manacles, The, 370

Manby, Captain G. W., 64

Mancenille Bay, 248

Manchester, 13, 198

Manchester, Lord, 724, 725

Manila, 123

Mansa, 417

Mansel, Hon. Robert, 648

Mansfield, Lord, 295, 630

Mansion House, 620

Mantle, Isabel, 614, 616

Mantle, Nicholas, 614

Manuel, Emperor, 727

Mar, Earl of, 515

Marazion, 242, 343, 476, 477

Marblehead, 252

Marcella, 299

Margate, 465

Margytte, William, 393

Mark, Henry, 627

Market Street, Falmouth, 632

Markham, Clement R., 168

Marlborough, Duke of, 309, 372

Marmion, Shakerly, 547

Marner, Edmund, 393

Marsden, 380

Marsh, Samuel, 277

Marshall, 188

Marshalsea, 661

Marsham, Hon. Elizabeth, 649

Marsham, Sir Robert, 648

Martharwyler, Elsota, 614

Martharwyler, Meliora, 614-616

Martharwyler, Symon, 614

Martin, Sir Theodore, 622

Martin, Thomas, jun., 584

Martin, Tobias, acquires French, 580 — in the tin-mines, 579-583 — poems of, 579, 585 — unjustly accused of falsifying, 583

Martinique, 258, 321

Martyn, Humphry, 538 — visits Anne Jefferies, 532

Martyn, Mary, 531

Martyrologie, 557

Marwood, Judge, 655

Mary, 137

Mary-le-bone, 622

Mary of Orange, 128

Mary, Queen, 30, 516, 518, 524

Mary, Queen of Scots, 657

Masakka, 416

Mashaw, Mrs., 310

Massachusetts, 34, 252

Massacre of the Huguenots, 653

Matthews, Mr., 71 — on Incledon, 381

Mattock, Mary, 404

Mattocks, Mrs., 468

Maunder, Mr., 589

Maurice, Prince, 41, 722

Mauritius, 160

Mavrocordato, 446, 448, 449

Mayne, Cuthbert, 653 — execution of, 658 — indicted of treason, 655

Mayor of Bodmin, 586-592

Mayor of Garratt, The, 293

Mayow, 591

Mawgan, 173, 329

Mazapore, 487

Mazarin, Cardinal, 47

M'Bima, 420

McColl Clan, 154

McGregor, Sir Duncan, on the burning Kent, 490-496

McKernow, Mr., 410

McTab, Mrs., 468

Meares, Nicholas, 608, 610, 611

Meares, Mr., 611, 612

Mechanic's Magazine, 90

Melcombe, Lord, 294

Melhuc Mouth, 114

Melville, Lord, 506

Memoir, a Defence of Hugh Peters, 53

Memoirs of C. M. Young, 578

Memoirs of Edmund Ludlow, 28, 52

Memoirs of the Last Ten Years of George II, 279

Memoirs of Missionary Priests, 556 note

Memoir on the Indian Surveys, 168

Memorials of English Affairs, 52

Memories of Old Friends, 188

Menai Straits Bridge, 678

Menheniot, 243

Merchant Taylors' School, 98, 424

Merthyr Tydvil, 193

Merton, 225

Mesoleius Bignellii, 147

Messiah, heralds of the, 596-9 — pretended, 606-11

Methodism in Cornwall, 59, 360

Methodist class meetings, 691

Mevagissey, 516

Mewton, Paul, 631

Mexborough, Lord, 290

Michell, Laurence, 615

Middlecoat, Mr., 525

Middle Temple, 96

Middleton, Corporal, 418, 421

Middleton, Sir Charles, 166

Milehouse, 150

Miles, Sir Jonathan, 526

Milford, Mr., 519

Milk Street, 113

Mill family, the, 156, 158

Mill, Captain Richard, 542

Mill, John, 156

Mill, Judith, 157

Millais, J. E., 454

Millbay, 146

Millbrook, 141, 354

Millennium expected, 596

Miller, A., 275

Miller's Daughter, 664

Millett, Miss, 364

Mills, Anne, 398

Mills, J., 398

Millwood, Constable, 610

Milton, John, 45, 207, 209

Minerva, 408

Mining, hardships of, 696

Minor, The, 291

Mirror, 198

Miser, The, 466

"Miseries of the Poor," 107

Mission to Fuegans, 232-7

Mitchell, 517, 518 — elections at, 518, 529

Mithras, 8

Mocha, 482

Modern Geography, 233

Mogford, 90

Mogul, Great, 251, 483

Mohammed, 728

Mohun family, the, 298 — Baron John, 298

Mohun, Charles, Lord, 318 — character of, 306, 307, 308, 310 — conspires with Hill for Mountford's murder, 299-304, 306 — duel with Lord Hamilton, 310-317 — go-between in duels, 309 — marriage of, 298, 299 — tried for murder, 305-307

Mohun, Elizabeth, 298

Mohun, Sir Reginald, 298

Mohun, Sir William, 298

Mohun, Warwick, Lord, 298

Mohun, William, 298

Mold, 570

Molesworth, Rev. W., 121, 125

Molesworth, Sir William, 125, 569

Mollington, 726

Monck, Dorothy, 134

Monck, Sir Thomas, 134

Monk, General, 28, 481

Monmouth, Duke of, 96, 105

Monte Cristo, 248

Montonère, Viscount de la, 716

Moorfields, 552

Moravian Brethren, 232

Morea, 446, 728

Morell, Mary, 34

Moreman, Dr., 243

Morice Town, 55

Morley House, 148

Morning Leader, 62 note

Morning Post, 578

Morocco, 707

Morris, J., 662

Morris, Mr., 556 note

Morshead, Captain, 237

Morval, 12, 388, 398

Morwenstow, 73, 94

Mother Bank, 560

Mould, Lieutenant R. C., 251

Mousehole, 233, 235, 239, 240, 241, 245, 470

Mount Calvary, 680

Mount Charles turnpike gate, 120

Mount Edgcumbe, Lord, 573

Mount Edgcumbe Terrace, 633

Mount Parnassus, 446

Mount's Bay, 131, 239, 620

Mountain, Bishop of London, 27

Mountford, Hill's attack on, 300-304 — murder of, 299-304

Mountford, Mrs., 300, 304

"Mr. Campbell's Pacquet," 72

Mudge, Capt. Zachariah, 248, 249

Mudge, Mary Ann, 5

Mug, Matthew, 294

Muley-el-Hassan, 716

Muley Spha, 708

Muley Suliman, 713

Mulgrave, Lord, 377

Mullion, 60, 61

Munns, Nathaniel, 275

Murphy, 288, 295

Murray, Captain, 500, 502

Murray, John, 11, 514

Murray, Lord Charles, 15

Murray, Sir Robert, 552

Murray's Family Library, 53

Musical Memoirs, 383

Mylor, 178

Mynns, Sir Christopher, 637

Mysore, 164

Mystery Plays, 680

Nairn, Lord, 15

"Naked Gospel," 219

Namur, siege of, 12

Nancarrow, John, 242

Nancegollan, 364

Nankevill, Thomas, 528

Napoleon, 318, 505, 507, 509

Narborough, James, 643

Narborough, Sir John, 637, 638, 643, 644

Nares, Judge, 375

Narrative of the Life of Robert Jeffery, 257

Naseby, 51

Nash, 515

Natural History of the County, 240

Naval History of Great Britain, 257, 626

Naworth, 555, 557

Nazarites, 511

Negropont, 447, 449

Nelson, Lord, 259, 260, 267, 443 — the famous signal, 269

Nepean, 565

Neptune, discovery of, 86

Neota, 168, 423

New, Philip, 328

New Brentford, 338

New Bond Street, 323

New Russell Court, 328

New South Wales, 560-8

New Theatre, 285

Newbury, 722

Newcastle, Duke of, 293

Newcomen, Thomas, 342

Newfoundland, 264, 265

Newgate, 272, 275, 276, 277, 389, 390, 392, 395

Newgate Prison, 671, 673

Newgate Calendar, 382

Newlyn, 130, 432, 620

Newman, Miss, 141

Newnham, 607

Newport, 518

Newport, Mr., 322

"New Song on the Wrestling Match between Cann and Polkinghorne," 58

News from Ipswich, 337

News from Penrin, in Cornwall, 1618, 615

Newton Ferrers, 388, 396

Newtown, 554

New York, 53, 477, 685, 686

Nice, 697

Nicely, Mrs., 469

Nicholl, H. G., 168, 191

Nicolls, Lieutenant Edward, 248, 249

Nicholas, Secretary, 129, 207

Niger, the, 189 — exploration of the, 409

"Night I Married Susy, The," 58

Nimble, H.M.S. cutter, 19

Nine Maidens, 693

Nineteenth Century, 541 note

Ninnis, Rev. James, 71

Nithsdale, Lord, 15

Noah, or Noye, 339

Noki, 414

Nolan, Rev. E., 556 note

Noles, Mrs. Elizabeth, 342 note

Nonjurors, 210

Norden, 105, 244

Norfolk, Duke of, 657

Norfolk Island, settlement on, 564-567

Norfolk Street, 301

Normandy, 373

North End, 293

North, Lord, 525

"North-West Passage, The," 454

Northampton, 135

Northmore, Mr., 8

Northrussell, 388

Northumberland, Duke of, 29

Norway, 415

Norway, Edmund, 122, 124 — dreams of his brother's murder, 123

Norway, Nevill, 122 — murder of, 117-121, 123, 125

Norway, William, 117

Norwich, Earl of, 39

Notes and Queries, 556 note

Nottingham, 434

Nottingham, Earl of, 211, 216, 305, 435

Nova Scotia, 261

Noy, William, 329

Noye family, the arms of, 341

Noye, Bridgeman, 341

Noye, Edward, 329, 338, 340

Noye, Hester, 341

Noye, Humphrey, 338, 340, 341

Noye, Katherine, 341

Noye, William, 675 — and Jonson, 339 — character of, 329, 340 — frames ship-money tax, 330-333 — invents soap monopoly, 332, 334 — M.P. and Attorney-General, 329 — on Prynne, 335-337 — portrait of, 340 — used by Laud, 335 — will of, 338

Nubia, 460

Nursery, the, 312

Nye, Philip, 48

Oak-egger, 150

Observations on the West Parts of England, 405

O'Callinghan, Mr., 526

Ocean Queen, 233, 234

Odysseus, 446, 448, 449

Okehampton, 298

Old Bailey, 275, 305, 671

Old Bunger, 620

Old Burlington Street, 167

Old Curiosity Shop, Burton's, 633, 636

Old Sarum, 318

Old Playgoer, The, 379, 468

Oldham, 464

Ombersley, 374

Omer Pasha, 449

On an Improved Mode of Forming Water Tanks, 679

On the Construction of Tanks, 679

On the Divinity of Christ and the Eternal Sonship, 361

On the self-supporting Reading, Writing, and Agricultural School at Willingdon in Sussex, 679

Opie, John, 173

Opie, jun., Mr., 71

Oporto, 267

Orange Coffee House, 383

Orators, 289

Orchard family the, 156, 165

Orient, 122

Orion, 84

Orion, 260

Orissa, 160

Orleans, Duke of, 318

Orlebar, Mr., 311

Ormond, Duke of, 309, 639

Ormsby, 556 note

Orthez, 505

Oryo, Philip de, 137, 138

Osborne, 187

Oscott, 662

Oswestry, 112

Otaheite, 566

Othello, 285

Otter, Tom, 550

Ottery S. Mary, 225, 704

Ottey, Mr., 327

Owen, Mr., 275, 276

Oxburgh, Colonel, 14

Oxford, 27, 87, 126, 177, 206, 207, 219, 284, 329, 424, 544, 554, 557, 675, 722

Oxford Street, 326

Packet of Boston, 685

Padlock, The, 375

Padstow, 73, 83, 192, 427, 541

Page, John, 665

Page, Mr., 301, 302, 303

Paine, T., 358

Painpol, 580

Pakenham, Sir Edward, 320

Palace of Architecture, 570

Palamata, 164

Paleologus family, the, 727-730

Paleologus, Constantine, 727, 728

Paleologus, Demetrius, 728

Paleologus, Dorothy, 730

Paleologus, General Andronicus, 727

Paleologus, Theodore, his tombstone, 727 — marriage of, 727, 729

Pall Mall, 299, 312

Palmer, Mr., 377

Pancrasweek, 108, 109

Panter, Brigadier, 15

Papillon, Thomas, 483, 484

Paragraph, Peter, 289

Parasites, 149, 152

Parga, 509

Paris, 288, 322, 333, 580, 653

Park, Mr. Justice, 603

Park, Mungo, 409

Parke, Mr., on Incledon, 383, 386

Parker, Matthew, 31

Parker, Mr., 420

Parkes, William, 405

Parkinson, 565

Parliament House, 40

Parliamentarian Army, 39

Parochial History of Cornwall, 167, 369, 680

Parramatta, 568

Parson's Wedding, The, 547, 548

Passages, 504, 506

Passages from the Autobiography of a Man of Kent, 613

Patagonia, 232

Paternoster Row, 171, 613

Patrick, Simon, 209, 213

Patriotic Fund, 250

Patron, The, 294

Pattison, Mr. S. R., on Sir C. Shovel, 644, 651

Paul, 241, 244, 245, 622

Paul Pier, 247

Paul Pry, 664

Pawlet, Earl, 309

Paxo, 449

Payhembury, 225

Payne, Anthony, burial of, 184 — examples of strength, 182 — gigantic proportions of, 181, 184 — his portrait by Kneller, 183, 184, 185 — valour in fight, 182, 183

Payne, John, 591

"Payne's cast," 182

Peace Pages, 699

Pearce, John, volunteers for Terra del Fuego, 233 — dies of privations, 236

Pearn, Mr. S., 190

Pellow, John, 707

Pellow, Sir Edward, 456

Pellow, Thomas, escapes to England, 716 — is given a wife, 709 — military ability of, 712 — refuses admission to the Sultan, 708 — taken captive by the Moors, 707

Pembroke College, Cambridge, 516

Pembroke College, Oxford, 676

Pencarrow, 117, 120, 569

Pendavey Bridge, 118, 120, 121

Pendennis, 454

Pendennis Castle, 133, 135, 139, 244, 366, 498

Pendinas Point, 528

Pendrea, 329

Penfoot, 80

Pengelly family, the, 1

Pengelly, Hester, 11

Pengelly, Richard, becomes a sailor, 3

Pengelly, William, advice to geological students, 10 — birth of, 1 — characteristics of, 10 — early escape from fire, 1 — explorations of, 7 — first geological lesson, 4 — his geological finds at Kent's Cavern, 8, 9 — his life at sea, 2, 4 — library of, 2 — starts school at Torquay, 5 — visits a mathematical friend, 6

Pengersick, 136

Penhall, 554

Penheale, 184

Penlez, Boscawen, arrested for Strand riots, 272, 274, 276, 277 — executed, 274, 278

Pennance Farm, 632

Pennick, Mr. Harry, 646

Pennington family, the, 224 — arms of, 224

Pennington, Bernard, 224, 225

Pennington, Christopher, 225, 226

Pennington, FitzAnthony, 225

Pennington, John, 224, 225, 226

Pennington, Robert, 224

Pennington, Susanna, 226

Pennington, Thomas, 225

Pennington, William, 226

Penny Magazine, 187

Penpont, 186, 187, 191

Penrose, 170, 172, 682

Penrose family, the, 500

Penrose, Rev. John, 500, 514

Penrose, Sir Charles Vinicombe, gallant action in Spain, 504, 505 — hardships at sea, 501 — promotions of, 503, 507 — slighted by the Admiralty, 507 — visits Ali Pasha, 509-13

Penryn, 133, 134, 135, 137-40, 179, 478, 518, 614, 619, 677, 707, 717 — elections at, 519-21, 529 — stocks of, 633

Pentillie Castle, 389, 400-1, 403-4, 406

Pentreath, Dolly, 622 — death and epitaph of, 241-2 — last speaker of Cornish, 238-45 — personal appearance of, 240 — saves a deserter, 245

Pentreath, Nicholas, 245

Penwarden, Catherine, 467

Penweyre, John, 614

Penweyre, Thomas, 614

Penwith, 244, 340

Penzance, 19, 22, 63, 142, 144, 171, 233, 238-9, 241, 342, 349, 368, 470, 472-3, 480, 516, 620, 675-6, 684, 686 — pirates at, 130-2

Penzance Natural History Society, 649

Penzance Public Library, 143

Peppermint, Billy, 630

Pepys, Samuel, 50 — on Killigrew, 547-8, 551 — on Lord Roberts, 726

Pequot Indians, 35

Perceval, Mr., assassinated, 427-30

Percival, Sir John, 113

Perdrix, 320

Père Daniel, 426

Pesaro, 727

Pesca Post, 688

Pescott, Sir Thomas, 126

Pestalozzian system, 5

Peterborough, Dean of, 213

Peterson, Lieutenant, 320

Peters, Elizabeth, 45

Peters, Hugh, accusations against, 51 — appropriates moneys, 35, 46 — at Dunkirk, 47 — at S. Sepulchre's, 27

Peters, a Trier, 43 — at Worcester, 38 — birth and family of, 26 — chaplain to Cromwell, 45 — chaplain to Parliamentarians, 36 — character of, 26, 28, 35, 42, 45, 48 — collector for the distressed, 36, 46 — commissioner of law, 44 — education and conversion, 27 — goes to New England, 34 — humorous tales of, 48, 49, 50 — incites regicide by sermons and personal influence, 40, 41, 43, 50 — intercedes for Dutch, 46, 47 — life in Rotterdam, 28, 34 — married, 28, 35, 45 — rumoured executioner, 42 — stormy petrel of rebellion, 36, 37, 38 — trial and death of, 51, 52 — turns Independent, 34, 37

Peters, Mary, 580

Peters, Rev. Samuel, 53

Peters, Thomas, 26

Pethebridge and Dingley, 72

Philadelphia, 688

Philip and Mary, 524

Philip II, 137

Philleigh, 225

Phillips, Captain Arthur, 559

Philpot, Catherine, 594

Philpot, Julia, 594

Philpott, John, 390, 392, 393

Phœnix, H.M.S., 486

Phœnix, 640, 643, 649

Phœnix in Her Flames, The, 128

Piccadilly, 328

Piccadilly, Marquis of, 386

Pickle, 443

Pickle, Mrs., 469

Piedmont, 46

Pigot, Admiral, 377

Pigot, Mr., 162

Pike family, the, 171

Pilchards, 707 — prayed for, 178

Pilkington, 100

Pinkerton, 233

Pioneer, 232, 234

Piracy, Commissioners for, 138

Pirate Trelawny, 451 note, 454

Pirates, 136 — Algerian, 332, 333, 507, 715

Pirates at Penzance, 130-2 — attack the Windsor Castle, 623-5 — Avery, 173 — from Bohelland, 616 — methods for repression of, 714 — Moroccan, 713, 715 — of Tripoli reduced by Shovel, 638 — Sallee, 707 — Trelawny, quem vide — Wahabee, 462

Pitreavie, 648

Pitt family, the, 318, 319

Pitt, J., 257

Pitt, John, 542

Pitt, Moses, his account of Anne Jefferies, 531-41, 543 — publisher and builder, 542

Pitt, Robert, 318

Pitt, Thomas, 317 — discovers diamond, 318

Pitt, Thomas, Baron Camelford, 319

Pitt, William, 166 — Earl of Chatham, 318

Pius II, Pope, 728

Pius V, 30, 554, 652

Pixy seats, 59, 470

Place, 26

Plain Statement of the Bullion Question, 678

Plato, 692

Playfair, William, 154, 156, 167

Playhouse, Drury Lane, 552

Pleasant Historie of Thomas of Reading, 110

Plough, the, 84

Plumer and Turner, Messrs., 594

Plumtre, Mr., 231

Plunket, Francis, 662

Plym Bridge, 148

Plymouth, 55, 92, 131, 151, 165, 183, 189, 250, 319, 349, 376, 399, 443, 506, 570, 633, 645, 663, 665, 666, 724

Plymouth Institution, 146

Plymouth and Devonport in War and Peace, 57 note

Plymouth Dock, 458

Plymouth Hoe, 573, 633

Plymouth Sound, 400, 506, 669

Plympton, 148, 171

Pneumatic cure for phthisis, 676

Pole, C., 156

Pole, Michael de la, 433, 435

Pole, Wellesley Long, 528

Polgiau, Maud, 614

Political Register, 257, 521

Polkinghorne, James, — birth of, 54 — death of, 58 — wrestles with Cann, 55

Polkinghorne, Zechariah, 576

Pollard, John, 223, 224, 269

Pollard, Commander John, signals at Trafalgar, 269

Polpea, 351

Polperro, 248, 253, 256 — described, 247

Polwhele, 340

Polwhele, Richard, 91, 346, 360 — on Samuel Foote, 283 — on Sir C. Hawkins, 517

Polwheyrell, Isabel, 614, 615

Polwheyrell, James, 614

Polwheyrell, Joan, 614, 615

Polwheyrell, Margery, 614

Polwheyrell, Nichola, 614

Polwheyrell, Nicholas, 614

Polwheyrell, Richard, 614

Pomeroy, Sir Thomas, 588, 589, 592

Pomfret, 135

Pondicherry, 158, 160, 161

Ponsonby, Lady, 509

Poor Soldier, The, 378

Pope, Miss, 468

Popjoye, Cavals, 402

Porcupine, 504, 506

Port Jackson, 561

Port Mahon, 507

Port Wrinkle, 354

Porter, Mr. P. E. B., on Ann Glanville, 665

Porth, 631

Porthellic Cove, 644, 646

Porthallow, 370

Porthleah, 471

Porthleven, 61, 62, 582, 699

Porthoustock, 370

Portland, Duke of, 166, 323

Portman Square, 630

Porto Praya, 410

Portraits of Remarkable Persons, 369

Portsmouth, 254, 373, 503, 560, 667

Portsmouth, Earl of, 640

Portugal, King of, 661

Postmaster-General, H. M., 625

Potheridge, 134

Potomac, 687

Poughill, 205

Poundstock, 114

Powderham Castle, 600, 601

Powell, Edward, 557

Powell, Mr., 300

Pownall, Mr., 525

Praed family, The, 524, 580

Praed, Florence, 516

Praed, James, 516

Praed, Mr. William, 171, 172

Prayer answered by a vision, 3

Prejus, 507

Prendergast, Lieutenant, 609, 610

Pre-Roman pottery, 9

Prescot, 200

President, 689

Prestacott, 156

Preston, defence of, 13, 14, 15

Previsa, 508, 509

Price, Mr., 612

Price, Sir Rose, 683

Pride, Colonel, 40

Prideaux family, The, 701

Prideaux-Brune, Chas., 427

Prideaux Place, 427

Prince of Army Chaplains, The, 53

Prince of Orange, 320

Prince of Wales, 458, 559

Prince of Wales's Coffee-house, 324

Princes Street, 301, 345

Priske, 60, 65

Prisoners in Morocco, 713

Private Journal of John Byrom, 279

Probus, 396, 398, 403, 517, 652

Prout, Samuel, 1

Prout, Thomas, 361

Proverbial Philosophy, 692

Prussia Cove, 470, 471, 472

Prussia, royal family of, 471

Prynne, William, 41, 335-337

Puddock, 714

Puerta Virgin Islands, 250

Pulman, Rev. P. T., 82

Punch, 464

Puritans, 53

Pusey, Dr., 649

Putney Hill, 453

Pyrenees, 504

Quarry Park, 80

Queen Charlotte, 259

"Queen of Lebanon," 596

Quiberon, 130

Quick, 381

Quickly, Dame, 469

Quiller-Couch, T., 651

Quin, 286

Quirault, 126

Rabat, 714, 715

Rabbits and Onions, 573

Radnor, Earl of, 539, 726

Raleigh, Sir Walter, 134, 554

Ralfs, John, botanical studies of, 141-144

Ralfs, Samuel, 141

Rame Head, 354

Ranzzini, 377, 379

Rasel, Khyma, 462

Ratcliffe, 105

Raw Alley, 547

Rawleigh, 398

Raymond, Mr., 384

Ray Society, 147

Read, Colonel Thomas, 28

Read, Edmund, 28

Reading, 127

Recollections of Shelley and Byron, 452, 454

Records of a Girlhood, 454

Records of Shelley, Byron, and the Author, 454

Recruit, H. M. brig, 248, 250, 252

Redding, Cyrus, on Bothathan ghost, 72

"Red Bull," 551

"Red Lion," Boughton, 610, 613

"Red Lion," S. Columb Major, 54

Redruth, 133, 191, 579, 701, 702

Red Sea, chart of, 460, 462

Reed, Captain, 609, 610

Reeds, 205

Reformation riots, 587-592, 652

Reform Bill, 464, 530, 678

Regattas at Saltash, 664

Religion in England after Restoration, 212-221 — from Reformation to Restoration, 28-34, 44

Reminiscences of Cambridge, 231 — of Caroline Fox, 86

Remonstrance, 39

Renegades to Mohammedanism, 715, 716

Resistance, 320

Resprin, 701

Restaden, John, 615, 616

Return, 485

Révolutionaire, 456

Rheims, 662

Rhodes, 616

Ribble, the, 14

Rich, Lady Lucy, 722

Rich, Robert, 722

Rich, Sir Robert, 17

Richard II, 133, 432-9

Richardson, Captain, 460

Richardson, Judge, 331

Richelieu, 332

Richmond, Edmund, Earl of, 32

Ridgeway, 318

Riding Sherborne, 349

Ridolphi, 657

Riff shore, 713

Rigby, Rt. Hon. Richard, 290, 291

Riley, 714

Rinsey, 478

Rio de Janeiro, 560, 563

Riot raised by Tom, the pretended Messiah, 607-11

Riou, Captain, 319

Rivers, John, 390

Riviera, 714

Road to Ruin, The, 469

Robbins, Benjamin, 157, 158

Robbins, Mr. Alfred, 73, 80, 82

Robartes family, the arms of, 726 — origin of, 726

Robartes, Hon. Russell, 726

Robartes, Mary Vere, 726

Robert of Arwenack, 133

Roberts family, the origin of, 718

Roberts, John, 715, 719 — money lender, 719, 720

Roberts, Matthew, 528

Roberts, Mr. Tobias, 61

Roberts, Richard, deals in furze, 718 — first Baron Truro, 721

Roberts, Richard, Lord, at the Restoration, 725 — fights as Parliamentarian, 722 — resigns his command, 725

Roberts, Robert, alters the spelling, 726

Robertson, Mr., 523

Robespierre, 477

Robinson, Dr., 600

Robinson, Justice, 179

Robinson, Mr. H., 450, 451

Robinson, Rev. F., 244

Robson, William, on Incledon, 379 — on Mrs. Davenport, 468

Rochester, Bishop of, 213

Rochester, Earl of, 209

Rocket, 198

Rocket apparatus at work, 68

Rockets, life-saving, invented, 63-67 — need of, 69 — results of use of, 70

Rodda, Miss, 342

Rodney, Lord, 62, 130, 377

Rogers family, the, 364

Rogers, Anne, dispossessed of Skewis, 365, 366

Rogers, Captain, 623, 683

Rogers, Captain William, meets with pirates, 623-625 — portrait of, 625, 626

Rogers, Henry, flight and execution of, 367 — takes possession of Skewis, 364-367

Rogers, Henry, jun., 368

Rogers, Mr., 682

Rogers, Mr. John Jope, 171, 172

Rogers, Mrs. Henry, 366

Rogers, Thomas, 71

"Rogue's March, The," 515

Roman coins in S. Budock, 632

Roman pottery found at Torquay, 9

Romance of the Aristocracy, 299

Rome, 31, 330, 453, 654, 662, 729

Romeo and Juliet, 468, 695

Romney, Baron, 648

Romney, wreck of the, 640, 642, 647, 650

Rooke, Admiral, 372, 639

Rookwood, 605

Rosalind, 467

Roscadden, Mr., 176

Roscarrock, 554

Roscarrock, Nicholas, antiquarian and poet, 554 — his Lives of the Saints, 555-558 — suffers for his faith, 554, 555

Roscarrock, Richard, 554

Roscarrock, Trewenna, 557

Roscoff, 477

Rosegger, P., 574

Rose Hotel, Canterbury, 599

Roseland, 225

Rosemorryn, 133

Rose Tavern, 311

Ross, Major, 567

Rosteague, 654

Rotterdam, 28, 34

Rough Tor, 84, 85

Routledge, Messrs., 622

Rowley, Admiral Sir Charles, 66

Roxhill, 17

Roxworthy, 341

Royal Arms, 640

Royal Astronomical Society, 89

Royal Bounty Fund, 699

Royal College of Surgeons, 141

Royal Commissioners in Cornwall, 206

Royal Cornwall Gazette, 23

Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society, 147, 187

Royal Hospital, 269

Royal Institution of Cornwall, 168, 185

Royal Lifeboat Association, 66

Royal Literary Fund, 699

Royal Society, 679

Royal Standard, 16

Ruby, H.M.S., 281, 282

Rudall, Parson, 82

Ruddle, Rev. Dr. John, 82 — author of A Remarkable Passage, 72, 79, 80 — incumbent of Launceston, 73 — investigates ghost story, 76 — visits Bothathan, 74

Ruddle, William, 79

Rule, Jane, 694, 697

Rummer Tavern, 299

Rupert, Prince, 41, 397

Ruremonde, 372

Rushworth's Collections, 53

Russell, Captain, 667

Russell, execution of, 209

Russell, Lord, 96, 485, 588, 589, 592

Russell, Lord John, 524 — sets Tom free, 603

Russell, Warder, 104

Ruthin, 112

Ruthven, 206

Rutland, Earls of, 280

Rye House Plot, 97, 485

S. Allen, 704, 705

S. Andrew's, Holborn, 170

S. Antonine, 392

S. Antonio, 412

S. Anthony-in-Meneage, 500

S. Aubyn, Sir John, 367

S. Augustine, 362

S. Austell, 92, 346, 347, 349, 351, 356

S. Bartholomew's Day, 653

S. Bartholomew's Hospital, 469

S. Blazey, 347, 723

S. Breage, 558, 718

S. Breock, 121, 125, 543

S. Breward, 226

S. Budock, 133, 614, 632

S. Cleer, 173, 554

S. Clements, 280

S. Columb, 123, 341, 593, 631

S. Columb Major, 54, 58, 591, 593

S. Columba, 557

S. David's, 32

S. Domingo, 248

S. Dominic, 730

S. Dunstan's, 277

S. Earvin, 558

S. Einendar, 558

S. Endelion, 554

S. Enoder, 280

S. Erme, 133

S. Erth, 71, 192, 516, 675

S. Essye, 558

S. Eue, 558

S. Faith's, 27

S. Gennys, 96, 107

S. George, 640, 641, 647

S. George's, London, 275

S. Germain, 310, 545

S. Germans, 518, 554

S. Giles, Cambridge, 90

S. Helena Is., 123, 124

S. Helena, 480

S. Hilary, 649

S. Issey, 224

S. Ives, 169, 170, 172, 173, 177, 179, 329, 515, 518, 528-530, 591 — elections at, 524, 529 — free school at, 528 — Knill's bequest to, 173

S. Jago, 410

S. James's, 310, 316

S. James's Park, 552

S. John's College, Cambridge, 85, 88, 90

S. John's College, Oxford, 424

S. John's Hospital, 144

S. John's, Newfoundland, 264, 266, 267

S. Just, 244, 495

S. Just-in-Penwith, 499

S. Keverne, 54, 370, 373, 375, 401, 406, 587 note

S. Kew, 224

S. Kitts, 488

S. Lawrence, 113

S. Levan, 18

S. Mabenna, 557

S. Mabyn, 224

S. Malo, 473

S. Martin's-by-Looe, 81

S. Martin's, Exeter, 213, 225

S. Martin's Islands, 643

S. Mary's, Cambridge, 230

S. Mary's College, Oscott, 662

S. Mary's Is., 646, 647, 649

S. Mary Magdalen, Launceston, 73, 467

S. Mary's, Penzance, 622

S. Mary's, Truro, 280 note

S. Mary Woolnoth, 114

S. Mauban, 558

S. Mawes Castle, 139

S. Mawes, 518, 623

S. Mellion, 388, 401

S. Merrine, 558

S. Michael, Cornhill, 390, 392

S. Michael's Mount, 592

S. Milior, 558

S. Neot, 94, 370

S. Paul's Cathedral, 30, 207, 210, 212

S. Paul's Churchyard, 274, 542

S. Petersburg, 65

S. Que, 558

S. Samson, legend of, 83

S. Saviour's, Dartmouth, 38

S. Sebastian, 137

S. Sepulchre, 27, 393

S. Teath, 531, 532, 542

S. Thomas, 25, 134

S. Thomas by Exeter, 588

S. Thomas-by-Launceston, 79

S. Udy, 126, 224

S. Winnow, 126, 206, 701

Sabine, General Joseph, 716

Sadler, Captain, 365

Sagacity, animal, 351-354

Saints, Cornish, 557

Saintsbury, 35

Salem, 34

Salisbury, 99, 112, 367, 377

Salisbury, 645

Salisbury, Bishop of, 211

Sallakey, 644

Sallee, 707, 714

Salona, 447, 448

Saltash, 85, 144, 147, 153, 206, 258, 402, 518, 663, 665 — women of, 663-669

Saltpetre, 482

Salvador del Mundo, 260

Sambhajee, 481, 483, 487

Sampford Courtenay, 588

Samson, 182

Samuel Drew, M.A., the Self-Taught Cornishman, 363

San Esidero, 260

San Josef, 260

San Juan, 503

San Nicholas, 260

Sanderson, Sir William, 615

Sandry, Hugh, 615, 616

Sands family, The, 370

Sands, John, kindness requited in Normandy, 373 — voyage of, 370-372

Sands, Sampson, 370

Sandys family, arms of, 374

Sandys, Eleanor, 374

Sandys, George, Lord, 340

Sandys, Henry, 340

Sandys, Hester, 340

Sandys, Lord, 374

Sandys, Mr. William, 580

Sandys, Rev. Sampson, 374

Sandys, William, 374

Sanquila, 419

Sans Pareil, 195, 503

Sansom, Captain, 640

Santa Lucia, 376

Santa Maura, 446

Santa Trinidada, 260

Sapell, Earl of Somerset, 298

Sapphire, 638

Saragossa, 12

Saulty, Count Joseph de, 717

Savage, Viscount, 338

Savoy, the, 271

Saxham, 546

Scarborough, 559, 560, 561

Scawen, Mr., 244

Scilly Islands, 407, 502, 640, 642, 650

Scobell, Mr., 299, 517

Scorrier, 427, 429

Screech, Mrs. Harriet, 667

Seatonian prize poem, 231

Secker, Archbishop, 291

Secret Memoirs of the Life of Sir Cloudesley Shovell, 651

Sedgwick, 41

Sedley, Sir Charles, 548

"See the Conquering Hero Comes," 515

Self-denying Ordinance, 725

Self-Help, 363

Selling, 607

Sems, Mr., 582

Sennen, 238, 500

Serpentine, 64 note

Servia, King of, 729

Seven Years' War, 130

Shaftesbury, Earl of, 96

Shakespeare Jubilee, 292

Shakespeare's Company of Players, 27

Shamans, 542

Sharks' Point, 421

Sharp, Dean of Norwich, 212

Shays, Dean, 215

Sheffield, 189, 464

Sheffield, Deliverance, 35, 45

Shelburne, Lord, 166

Shelley, Mrs., 452, 453

Shelley, P. B., and Trelawny, 446, 453, 454

Sherborne, 32, 349

Sherborne Mercury, 349

Sheriffs of Cornwall, J. T. Woolley, 406 — Mr. Trevanion, 389, 391 — Nicholas Glyn, 280 — Richard Tregeare, 364 — Sir Richard Grenville, 653 — Sir R. Mohun, 298 — Sir W. Mohun, 298 — Thomas Coke, 706 — William Lemon, 344 — William Williams, 403

Shernick, 156, 157, 158

She Stoops to Conquer, 467

Shetland Isles, 501

Shield, Mr., 378, 380, 383, 386

Ship-money tax, 330, 331

Shipwreck of Sir Cloudesley Shovell, 648 note, 651

Short, Captain John T., 528

Shovel, Anne, 648

Shovel, Elizabeth, 648

Shovel, Lady, 643, 644, 646, 647

Shovel, Sir Cloudesley, at Bantry Bay, 638 — at Gibraltar, 639 — body of, found, 644-7 — burials of, 644-8 — burns pirate boats at Tripoli, 638 — early life of, 637 — ignorant of latitude, 642, 650 — murder of, 647 — promotions of, 639 — story of a curse on, 641, 645

Shrewsbury, Lady, 552

Shute Street, S. Ives, 528

Shuter, 287

Sibthorpe, Humphrey, 517

Siddee, 481, 483

Siddons, Mrs., and Incledon, 379

Sidmouth, Lord, 680

Sidney, Sir Algernon, 96, 485

Signal at Trafalgar, 269

Sildswick, 607

Simmons, Mrs., 324

Simpson, Jonathan, reprieved highwayman, 671-4 — unhappy marriage of, 670

Sion College, 41

Sir Cloudesley Shovell, 651

Sirius, 560, 564, 566, 567

Sirndia, 416

Sithney, 500

Sittingbourne, 607

"Sketch of the Botany of West Penwith," 143

Skewis, 364 — the siege of, 365-8

Skillibegs, 54

Skippon, 724

Slanning, Sir Andrew, 531

Slate, how worked, 186

Smallridge, Rev., 219

Smart, Christopher, 231

Smeaton's Lighthouse, 633

Smiles, Samuel, 193, 194, 198 note, 205, 363

Smith, Dr. George, 694

Smith, Mr. Jarrit, 281, 282

Smith, Professor, 409, 411, 414 — dies on the Congo, 417-421

Smith, Sir J. E., 143

Smithfield, 30

Smugglers, defended by Tom, 602 — John Carter, 471

Smuggling, 172, 173; disastrous, 355 — from Bessie's and Prussia Cove, 470-4 — prevention of, 16

Smyrna, 459

Smythe, Mrs., 478

Snow and Denne, Messrs., 276

Snow, Mr., 375

Soap monopoly, 332, 334

Society of Antiquaries, 241, 242

Society of Arts, 67

Soho Square, 648

Solander, Dr., 233

Soldier's Tear, 577

Sombrero, 250, 252

Somerset, Mohun, Earl of, 298

Somerset, Protector, 29, 518, 586

Somerset House, 203, 275

Sompting, 453

Songs, "Black-eyed Susan," 386 — "Blow high, blow low," 376 — "Heaving of the Lead," 386 — "I burn, my brain consumes to ashes," 299 — of bell-ringing, 223 — of Knill's monument, 174 — of "Sir William Courtenay," 604 — of Tom Dove, 113 — "The bonny, bonny breeze," 299 — "The Storm," 379, 386 — "Total Eclipse," 378 — "When I was a Shepherd's Maid," 375

Sophia, Princess, 308, 424

Soult, Marshal, 503, 505

South Hams, 243

South Petherwin, 72, 73, 79, 80, 81

South Pool, 666

South Street, Exeter, 145

Southampton, 141, 377, 387, 642

Southampton, Earl of, 305

Southern Pennair River, 158

Southill, 83, 243

Sowerby, James, 143

Spalding, Dr., 685

Sparrow, Margaret, 178

Speed the Plough, 469

Speedwell, 233, 235, 236

Spectator, The, 2, 3 — "the lying book," 3

Speeke, Hugh, 99, 100, 102 — reports murder of Essex, 99, 103

Spence, Captain, 490

Spencer, Edward, 250, 255

Spithead, 296, 258, 503

Spoiled Child, The, 469

Sporting Magazine, The, 58

Sprat, Bishop, 213

Spriggs, Lydia, 7

Stackhouse, Mr. John, 477

Staines, 112

Stamford Hill, 182

Stanhope, Colonel, 447

Stanhope, General, 13

Stanhope, Lady Hester, 596-599

Stanhope, Mr., 275, 276

Stanhope, Rt. Hon. William, 317

Stanley, R. Fitzroy, 613

Stannary towns, 59

Stanton, Captain, 376

Star Chamber, 33, 334, 337

Star, The, 272

State Papers, 555, 556 note

Statira, 300

Statute of Præmunire, 654

Steam blast, invented and utilized by Gurney, 194-202

Steam boats on the Delaware, 688

Steam carriages, report on, 200, 201

Steam engine for thrashing corn, 527 — in mines, 677

Steam-pump, 342

Steepleglas, The, 554

Steevens, George, 231

Stephens family, The, 524

Stephens, Mr., 631

Stephens, Rev. J., 683

Stephenson, George, 193, 194, 195, 197 — not inventor of steam-blast, 196, 197

Stevens, Alexander, 386

Stevens, George, 231

Stevens, Mr., 451

Stiles, Cornish, 680

Stillingfleet, 209, 212

Stirling, 28

Stirling, Mr., 418

Stirling, Mrs., 468

St. John, Oliver, 37, 724, 730

Stockport, 627

Stoke Climsland, 83, 157, 165, 224, 226

Stonehouse, 145, 147, 268

Stormont, Lord, 293

Stourton, Lord, 661

Stowe, 181, 182, 184, 653

Stowford, 225

Strafford, Earl of, 330

Strand, London, 275, 277, 328 — houses attacked in, 270, 271, 272, 275

Stransham, Major, 145

Stratford-on-Avon, 292

Stratton, 116, 156, 181, 182, 184, 224

Straw, Jack, 432

Street, John, 366, 367

Strickland, 16

Strype, on Cornish riots, 592

Stubbe, 46

Sturgeon, Major, 294

Styria, 574

Subaltern, 504

Succinct History of Ancient and Modern Persecutions, 426

Sudbury, Simon, 557

Suett, Richard, 380

Suffolk, Earl of, 433, 435

Suffolk House Humane Society, 64

Suffolk Street, 295

Suliotes, 508

Sultan of Morocco, 708 — barbarities of, 710-713

Sumph, Captain, 454

Superb, 145, 443

Superstition concerning origin of fossils, 4

Supply, 560, 564, 567

Surat, 479, 482, 483, 486

Surius, 557

Surrey Institute, 194, 203

Surrey Street, 301

Surtees Society, 556 note

Survey of Cornwall, 243, 554, 652

Sussex, Duke of, 680

Sutton of Salisbury, 112

Sutton Pool, 666

Swallow, 560

Swann, Mr., 519, 520 — bribes in Penryn, 521

Swannacott Wood, 108

Swift, Dean, on Mohun's duel, 316

Sydney, 564, 568

Sydney Cove, 561

Symons, Elizabeth, 194

Symonds, Colonel, 718

Syria, 597

Tagus, 145

Tales and Jests of Hugh Peters, 48, 50

Tales and Sayings of W. R. Hicks, 578

Talma, 379

Tamar Green, 55

Tamar, river, 89, 225, 243, 354, 399, 663

Tanks, 679

Tanner family, the, 156

Tarifa, 503

Tattersall's, 380

Tavistock, 572, 665

Tavy, river, 663

Tea, introduction of, 481

Teed, Mr., 523

Teignmouth, 200

Telford, 678

Temple Bar, 273, 277, 286

Temple, Major, 446

Teneriffe, 560

Tenison, Bishop, 213

Terence, 282

Terra del Fuego, 233 — ill-fated expedition to, 232-237

Tetuan, 714

Thackeray, W. M., 143, 189, 454

Theatre Royal, 300

Thessaly, 508

Thomas, Admiral R. D., enters navy, 258 — in battle of Cape St. Vincent, 259, 260 — on the burning Boyne, 258 — promotions of, 258, 261, 267 — shipwrecked, 261-267

Thomas, Mary, 258

Thomas, Mrs., 644

Thomas, Charles, 258, 268

Thomas, Charles M., 253, 255, 256

Thomas, John, 343

Thompson, Mr., 327

Thomson, Mr., 492

Thornburn, Ensign, 484

Thorne, 704

Thorne, Mrs., 469

Thorne, Roger, 704

Three Towns' History, 663

"Three Tuns," 371

Throwley, 607

Thunderer, 376

Thuraken, 728

Thurloe, John, 47, 53

Tickell, Surgeon, 118

Tillie family, the, arms of, 402, 405

Tillie, Altmira, 404

Tillie, John, 401, 406

Tillie, Mary Jemima, 401, 406

Tillie, Sir James, 406, 407 — burial of, 399, 400, 405, 406 — will of, 404

Tillie, Stephen, 365, 366

Tillotson, Bishop, 209, 211, 212, 214, 215, 543

Tilly family, the, 407

Tilt-yard, 276

Times, The, 427, 428, 613

Tinevelly, 164

Tin-mines, 342, 344, 580, 581, 583 — peculation at, 704

Tin-mining adventurers, 719

Tin-shafts near Redruth, 702

Tin-smelting, fuel for, 718

Tin-stamping mills, 579

Tintagel, 109, 185

Titus, 458

Tiverton, 157, 280

Tolcarne, 620

Toleration Bill, 211, 214

Tolver-in-Gulval, 342

Tolverne, 136

Tom, John Nichols, accused of arson, 594 — assumes alias of Sir William Courtenay, 597 — authorities for life of, 613 — characteristic vanity of, 593 — contests Canterbury, 599 — expected resurrection of, 612 — from attorney to maltster, 594 — his battle-song, 604 — lunatic at large, 603 — pretended Earl of Devon, 600-602 — pretended Messiah, 606-611 — rival herald of the Messiah, 596-599 — shoots Meares, 608, 613 — shot as a rioter, 610 — tried for perjury, 602

Tom, Mrs. Frances, 541

Tom, William, 541, 593

Tomson, Mr., 242

Tonkin, 680

Toole, 450

Topographical and Historical Sketches of the Boroughs of East and West Looe, 92

Torbay, 649

Torrington, 179

Torquay, 5, 376

Tortola, 625

Tossing, punishment of, 710

"Total Eclipse," 378

Totnes, 16, 200

Tottell, Richard, 554

Totteridge, 301

Touchstone, 259

Toulon, 130, 267

Toulouse, 640

Touraine, 580

Towednack, 177

Tower Hill, 276

Tower of London, 16, 30, 73, 96, 555, 592

Traditions and Recollections, 283

Trafalgar, battle of, 267, 269, 443

Transactions of the Devonshire Association, 1894, 9, 11

Travels in the East, 596

Treassow, 683

Treatise on Railways, 195

Treatise of the Principall Grounds and Maximes of the Laws of this Kingdom, 330

Treator, 192

Tredea, 675

Tredenham, 517

Tredenham, Colonel, 300

Tree Inn, 181, 184 note

Tref-an-grouse, 60

Treffry, 26

Treffry, Deborah, 26

Treffry, John, 26

Treffry, Martha, 26

Trefusis family, the, 500

Tregarrick, 652

Tregasa, 705, 706

Tregeare, 83, 364

Tregeare, Richard, 364

Tregenna, 173

Tregeagle, John, 539, 541, 543

Tregeagle's ghost, 628

Tregellas, Mr. W. H., 115, 548, 581

Tregian family, the, 652

Tregian, Francis, conceals a priest, 653, 658 — imprisonment of, 660 — omen of his fate, 659 — trial of, 654, 657, 659 — verse of, 660

Tregian, Francis, junior, 661

Tregian, Mrs., 659

Tregolorsick, 280

Tregonnan, 654

Tregonning Hill, 364

Tregony, 518, 522, 524, 527, 529, 659 — elections at, 525, 526

Tregose, Clement, 177

Tregose, John, 177

Tregoss family, the, 177 — curse on, 176

Tregoss, John, 176

Tregoss, Thomas, conversion of, 179 — early life of, 177 — imprisoned for preaching, 179 — prays for pilchards, 178

Tregoss, Walter, 176

Tregothnan, 706

Trelawny of Trelawne, 72, 247

Trelawny, Bishop, 219

Trelawny, Charles, 517

Trelawny, Charles Brereton, brutal treatment of daughter, 441-3

Trelawny, character of, 441

Trelawny, Edward John, books of, 452 — character of, 445, 449, 452 — in Greece, 446 — loose life of, 452 — misses Trafalgar, 443-5 — portrait of, 453, 454 — treatment of wife and child, 449

Trelawny, General, 517

Trelawny, Harry, 441

Trelawny, Harry Brereton, 441

Trelawny, Henry, shipwrecked, 643, 649-50

Trelawny, Lieutenant Harry, 448

Trelawny, Sir Jonathan, 649

Trelawny, Tersitza Philippa, 450

Trelecoeth, Joan, 615

Trelecoeth, John, 615

Trelecoeth, Marina, 615

Trelisseck, 340 note

Trelowaren, 516

Tremaine, Richard, 654

Trematon Castle, 185, 429

Tremayne, Captain W., 345

Tremayne, Mr. Edmund, 139

Tremere, 126

Tremhayle, Loveday, 516

Tremhayle, George, 516

Tremoderet, 432

Trenaman, William, 405

Trengrouse, Anne, 71

Trengrouse, Emma, 71

Trengrouse, Henry, 205 — birth and education of, 59, 60 — death of, 67 — his lifeboat, 66 — inventor of cork jacket, 66 — inventor of rockets, 64 — invited to Russia, 65 — marriage of, 71 — monetary sacrifices, 63, 65, 67, 70 — witness of wreck, 60, 63

Trengrouse, Jane, 71

Trengrouse, Mary, 71

Trengrouse, Mr. H., 68, 71

Trengrouse, Nicholas, 59

Trengrouse, Nicholas Trevenen, 71

Trenoweth, 654

Treraren, 121

Trereen-Dinas, 18

Trerice, 157, 704, 705

Tresco, 643

Tresilian, 432

Tresilian, Sir Robert, advises Richard II, 434 — "appealed" of treason, 435 — in disguise, 436-40 — Lord Chief Justice, 432

Tresize, Nicholas, 620

Treslothian, 695, 699

Trevanion, Mr., 389, 391, 394, 520 — of Tregony, 525

Trevanion, Sir Hugh, 389, 395

Trevargus, 192

Trevelyan, Sir W. C., 8

Trevenen, Captain James, 514

Trevenen, Miss, 502

Trevenor, Isabel, 554

Trevenor, Richard, 554

Treventy, 126, 129

Trevethan Hall, 633

Trevetho, 172, 516

Trevince, 430

Trevithick, Francis, 527

Trevithick, Richard, 192, 197, 527 — and Gilbert (Giddy), 677 — invents locomotive, 193

Trevor, Hon. Mr., 375

Trevorder, 543

Trewarthenick, 424

Trewarveneth, 480, 706

Trewinnard, 516, 517

Trewithen, 443, 516, 517, 520, 527, 529

Treworgy, 96, 403, 678

Trial of Charles I and of some of the Regicides, 53

Tricala, 508

Triennial Visitation Charge, 213

Triers, the, 33, 43, 44

Trigonometry, Hind's, 6

Trinidad, 458

Trinity House, 66, 633

Trin. Coll. Cam., 27, 556

Trip to Calais, A, 289, 295

Triplicane, 158

Tripoli, 637

Troon-Moor, 695, 697

Troubles of our Catholic Forefathers, 556 note, 662

Troy Town, 271

True State of the Case of Bosavern Penlez, 275

Truro, 54, 133, 168, 182, 189, 242, 280, 283, 343, 344, 430, 583, 594, 613, 675, 717, 718, 719, 726

Truro, Baron, 718, 721, 722, 726

Truro Grammar School, 192, 282, 343

Truro Green, 343

Truvel, 343

Tryarne, John, 615

Tryarne, William, 615

Trylly, 340

Tubby, 367

Tucker, Admiral, 185

Tucker, Mr., 429

Tuckey, Lieutenant, 408, 410 — explores the Congo, 413-422

Tudor, Mr., 409, 417

Tunbridge Wells, 338

Tunis, 507, 715

Tupper, 692

Turner and Plumer, Messrs., 594

Turner, William, 103

Turnpike Act, 200

Tutwork and tribute, 579

Twysden, Sir Roger, 140

Tyacke, Mr. Richard, 584

Tyburn, 592, 672, 674

Tyler, Mr., 613

Tyler's Rebellion, Wat, 432

Tyrell, Captain, 486

Tyrrell, Father, 657

Uglow family, the, 156

Ulack, Adrian, 128

Ulysses, 447

Ulysses, 253, 254

Undaunted, 267

Under Horse Road, 80

Underwood, Lieutenant, 237

United Kingdom Alliance, 627

University Library, Cambridge, 556

Unwin, Mr. Fisher, 708

Uranus, 85, 88

Ure, Dr., 202

Ushant, 642

Usk, 453

Vancouver, Captain, 320

Vandalone, 159

Vane, Margaret, 403, 407

Vane, Sir Harry, 37, 401, 403, 407, 724

Van Tromp, 46

Vauban, 482

Veale, Mrs., 79

Vellore, 164

Venice, 508, 544 — Doge of, 545

Venloo, 372

Vercoe, Mr., 120

Verdun, 408

Vere, Robert de, 433, 435

Vernon, 281

Versailles, 310, 546

Veryan, 280

Vibert, Isabella, 342

Victoria, Queen, 187, 621, 667

Victory, 269

View Hall, 723

Vigo, 639

Vigurs, Mr., 684

Villiers, Harriet, 318

Villiers, Lady Mary, 544

Vincent, Walter, 140

Vineyard Island, 685

Vinni, King of, 419

Viper, Dr., 295

Vision, Richard Pengelly's, 3

Vivian, Colonel, 81, 171, 441

Vonke, 416

Vosper, Mr., 665 note

Vouchin-Semnis, 418

Vowell, John, 155

Vyvyan, Sir Richard, 516

W. A. A., 229

Waddon, John, 403

Wade, Field-Marshal, 167

Wadebridge, 117, 118, 120, 123, 125, 194, 659

Wahabee pirates, 462

Wakeman, James, 80

Waldenses, persecution of, 46

Wales, Prince of, 634, 669

Walker, Rev. Samuel, 345

Walkinghame, 3

Waller, Sir William, 36, 133

Wallingford, 127

Walpole, Horace, 228, 279

Walpole, Sir Robert, 344 — declares war with Spain, 16

Walsingham, Commodore, 376

Waltham Cross, 435

Wanstead, 97

Wansum, 114

Ward, Mr., 484, 625

Warren, Joseph, wrestler, 495, 499

Warren, Sir John Borlase, 456

Warren, William, 531

Warren, Widow, 469

Warring, Anne, 665

Warwick, Earl of, 36, 307, 435, 722, 725

Warwick, Mr. Philip, 333

Washerwoman, the, 292

Washington, 584, 686

Wastsell Downs, 703

Waterloo, 264

Waterloo Bridge, 521

Watson, Captain, 321

Watson, Hon. R., 599

Watt's steam engine, 677

Waugh, 699

Wayte, Anne, 403

Wearne, Roger, 172

Webb, Mrs., 467

Webbe, W., 557

Week at the Land's End, 143

Week, derivation of, 109

Weekes, Mr., 188

Weekly Entertainer, 347, 349

Weekly Miscellany, 2, 369

Week S. Mary, 108, 109, 114, 115

Wellington, 6, 7

Wellington, Duke of, 504, 505, 518, 529

Wells, 32

Welsh, Saunders, 276, 277

Wendron, 579, 582

Wentworth, Sir Thomas, 330

Wesley, John, 187, 620 — at S. Ives, 179

Wesleyan Methodist Magazine, 478

West, John, 140

West Harptree-Tilly, 407

West Indian, The, 467

West Indies, 25, 35, 62, 170, 172

West Looe, 92, 518

West Newton Ferrers, 388, 396, 398

West of England Salvage Company, 62

West Penwith, 143

Western Antiquary, 1887, 20, 25

Western Green, 130

Westminster Abbey, 17, 296, 547, 552, 648, 730

Westminster School, 207

Weston, 287

Weston, Lord, 332

Westwood, 108

Wheal Ann, 582

Wheal Fortune, 343

Wheal Heriot's Foot, 581

Wheal Trevenen, 582, 584

Wheal Vorah, 584

Whitaker, 41

Whitaker, Rev. John, 358

Whitchurch, 665

Whitchurch Down, 572

Whitcombe, Mr., 448

White, Charles, 281

White, Matthew, 337

White, Mrs. Buckingham, 465

Whiteford, 156, 157, 165, 167

Whitehall, 50, 99, 209, 403, 485

Whitelocke, B., 42, 45, 52

Whiteley in curios, a, 632

Whitfeld, Mr., 57 note — on Saltash women, 663

Whitley, Major, 105

Whitley, Mr. H. M., 140

Whitsand Bay, 148, 405, 406

Whittlesea Mere, 148

Whitworth, Charles, Earl of, 251

Whitworth, Mr., 311

Whytford's Martyrologie, 557

Wickford, 28

Widdrington, Lord, 15

Wideslade, "Sir Tristram," 652

Wigan, 13

Wightwick, George, 570

Wilkinson, Edward, 391-393

William I, 298

William III, 12, 16, 105, 106, 183, 210, 212, 305, 364, 542, 638, 701

William IV, 64 note

William Eaton, 686

Williams, Dr., 236

Williams, Gratiana, 268

Williams, John, 516 — dreams of Perceval's murder, 427-431

Williams, Lieut.-General R., 268

Williams, Mary, 59

Williams, Michael, 427, 430

Williams, Rev. Samuel, 76

Williams, William, 403

Willingdon, 679

Willis, Andrew, 367

Wilmot family, the, 619

Wills, Anthony, of Gorran, 12

Wills, Anthony, of Saltash, 12

Wills, Digory, 12

Wills, K.B., Sir Charles, death of, 17 — family and arms of, 12 — his defence of Preston, 13, 14, 15 — M.P. for Totnes, 16 — promotions of, 13, 15, 16, 17 — Sir Charles, serves in Holland and Spain, 12

Wills, Mr., 603, 606, 612

Wills, Richard, of Acombe, 12

Wills, Thomas, 341

Willyams, John, 341

Wilton, 589

Wilson, John, 272, 274

Wilson, Mr., 275

Winchester, Bishop of, 643, 649

Winchester Castle, 37

Windmill Hill, Brixham, 7

Windsor Castle, 39, 661

Windsor Castle, 623

Windsor, Duke of, 386

Wingfield, William, 520

Winnington, 207

Winthrop, Elizabeth, 28

Winton, Lord, 15

Woffington, Peg, 286

Wolvedon, 652, 653

Wolverston, Mary, 133

Wolverston, Philip, 133

Wood, E. J., 126, 185, 722

Wood, Nicholas, 195

Wood, Peter, 272, 273, 274, 276, 277

Woodstock, 432

Woolley, 400, 406

Woolley, James Tilley, 406

Wool merchants, 108, 109, 110 — and Henry VI, 112

Woolsten, 366

Worcester, 112, 387

Worcester College, Oxford, 284

Worcester, Marquis of, 39 — siege of, 38

Worral Hill, 173

Worth, Archbishop, 434

Worth, Mr. R. N., 140

Wortham, 453

Worthies of Armorie, The, 554

Wrecks, at Land's End, 503 — of the Anson, 60, 71 — of the Association with Sir Cloudesley Shovel, 640, 647 — of the Berlin, 70 — of Charles Incledon, 380 — of the Eagle, Romney, Firebrand, and Phœnix, 640, 643, 647 — of the Guardian, 319 — of the Kent, 497 — of the Kyber, 67 — of the Lady Hobart, 261-263, 267 — of the Thunderer, 376

Wren, Mr. Henry, 123

Wrestling, Cornish, 54, 495 — Devonshire, 54

Wrey, Edmund, 397

Wrey, Jane, 388, 396, 398

Wrey, John, 388, 396, 398

Wyatt, Mr., 583

Wyndham, William, 319

Wyvelscombe, 12

Yonge, Dr. William, his account of Peters, 27, 28

York, 331

York, Archbishop of, 434, 435

York, Duke of, 290, 482, 485

York, James, Duke of, 96, 102, 550

Young, J. C., 578

"Young Men's Club," 555

Zaccaria, Catherine, 729

Zagros, 462

Zaire, 409

Zante, 450, 451

Zanzibar, 462

THE WORKS OF ANATOLE FRANCE

It has long been a reproach to England that only one volume by ANATOLE FRANCE has been adequately rendered into English; yet outside this country he shares with TOLSTOI the distinction of being the greatest and most daring student of humanity now living.

¶ There have been many difficulties to encounter in completing arrangements for a uniform edition, though perhaps the chief barrier to publication here has been the fact that his writings are not for babes—but for men and the mothers of men. Indeed, some of his Eastern romances are written with biblical candour. "I have sought truth strenuously," he tells us, "I have met her boldly. I have never turned from her even when she wore an unexpected aspect." Still, it is believed that the day has come for giving English versions of all his imaginative works, as well as of his monumental study JOAN OF ARC, which is undoubtedly the most discussed book in the world of letters to-day.

¶ MR. JOHN LANE has pleasure in announcing that he will commence publication of the works of M. ANATOLE FRANCE in English, under the general editorship of MR. FREDERIC CHAPMAN, with the following volumes:

THE RED LILY MOTHER OF PEARL THE GARDEN OF EPICURUS THE CRIME OF SYLVESTRE BONNARD JOCASTA AND THE FAMISHED CAT BALTHASAR THE WELL OF ST. CLARE THE ELM TREE ON THE MALL THE WICKER-WORK WOMAN AT THE SIGN OF THE QUEEN PÉDAUQUE THE OPINIONS OF JEROME COIGNARD MY FRIEND'S BOOK THE ASPIRATIONS OF JEAN SERVIEN THAÏS JOAN OF ARC (2 vols.)

¶ All the books will be published at 6/- each with the exception of JOAN OF ARC, which will be 25/- net the two volumes, with eight Illustrations.

¶ The format of the volumes leaves little to be desired. The size is Demy 8vo (9 × 5-3/4 in.), that of this Prospectus, and they will be printed from Caslon type upon a paper light in weight and strong in texture, with a cover design in crimson and gold, a gilt top, end-papers from designs by Aubrey Beardsley and initials by Henry Ospovat. In short, these are volumes for the bibliophile as well as the lover of fiction, and form perhaps the cheapest library edition of copyright novels ever published, for the price is only that of an ordinary novel.

¶ The translation of these books has been entrusted to such competent French scholars as MR. ALFRED ALLINSON, HON. MAURICE BARING, MR. FREDERIC CHAPMAN, MR. ROBERT B. DOUGLAS, MR. A. W. EVANS, MRS. FARLEY, MR. LAFCADIO HEARN, MRS. JOHN LANE, MRS. NEWMARCH, MR. C. E. ROCHE, MISS WINIFRED STEPHENS, and MISS M. P. WILLCOCKS.

¶ As Anatole Thibault, dit Anatole France, is to most English readers merely a name, it will be well to state that he was born in 1844 in the picturesque and inspiring surroundings of an old bookshop on the Quai Voltaire, Paris, kept by his father, Monsieur Thibault, an authority on eighteenth-century history, from whom the boy caught the passion for the principles of the Revolution, while from his mother he was learning to love the ascetic ideals chronicled in the Lives of the Saints. He was schooled with the lovers of old books, missals and manuscripts; he matriculated on the Quais with the old Jewish dealers of curios and objets d'art; he graduated in the great university of life and experience. It will be recognised that all his work is permeated by his youthful impressions; he is, in fact, a virtuoso at large.

¶ He has written about thirty volumes of fiction. His first novel was JOCASTA & THE FAMISHED CAT (1879). THE CRIME OF SYLVESTRE BONNARD appeared in 1881, and had the distinction of being crowned by the French Academy, into which he was received in 1896.

¶ His work is illuminated with style, scholarship, and psychology; but its outstanding features are the lambent wit, the gay mockery, the genial irony with which he touches every subject he treats. But the wit is never malicious, the mockery never derisive, the irony never barbed. To quote from his own GARDEN OF EPICURUS: "Irony and Pity are both of good counsel; the first with her smiles makes life agreeable, the other sanctifies it to us with her tears. The Irony I invoke is no cruel deity. She mocks neither love nor beauty. She is gentle and kindly disposed. Her mirth disarms anger and it is she teaches us to laugh at rogues and fools whom but for her we might be so weak as to hate."

¶ Often he shows how divine humanity triumphs over mere asceticism, and with entire reverence; indeed, he might be described as an ascetic overflowing with humanity, just as he has been termed a "pagan, but a pagan constantly haunted by the pre-occupation of Christ." He is in turn—like his own Choulette in THE RED LILY—saintly and Rabelaisian, yet without incongruity. At all times he is the unrelenting foe of superstition and hypocrisy. Of himself he once modestly said: "You will find in my writings perfect sincerity (lying demands a talent I do not possess), much indulgence, and some natural affection for the beautiful and good."

¶ The mere extent of an author's popularity is perhaps a poor argument, yet it is significant that two books by this author are in their HUNDRED AND TENTH THOUSAND, and numbers of them well into their SEVENTIETH THOUSAND, whilst the one which a Frenchman recently described as "Monsieur France's most arid book" is in its FIFTY-EIGHTH THOUSAND.

¶ Inasmuch as M. FRANCE'S ONLY contribution to an English periodical appeared in THE YELLOW BOOK, vol. v., April 1895, together with the first important English appreciation of his work from the pan of the Hon. Maurice Baring, it is peculiarly appropriate that the English edition of his works should be issued from the Bodley Head.

ORDER FORM

190

To Mr. Bookseller

Please send me the following works of Anatole France to be issued in June and July:

THE RED LILY MOTHER OF PEARL THE GARDEN OF EPICURUS THE CRIME OF SYLVESTRE BONNARD

for which I enclose

Name

Address

JOHN LANE, PUBLISHER, THE BODLEY HEAD, VIGO ST. LONDON, W.

+—+ DEVONSHIRE CHARACTERS AND STRANGE EVENTS By S. BARING-GOULD, M.A., Author of "Yorkshire Oddities," etc. Demy 8vo, 21s. net. With 58 Reproductions from Unique Portraits, etc. (Uniform with this Volume.) +—+ A FEW PRESS OPINIONS. Daily News.—"A fascinating series ... the whole book is rich in human interest. It is by these personal touches, drawn from tradition and memoirs, that the dead men, surrounded by the curious panoply of their time, are made to live again in Mr. Baring-Gould's pages." Westminster Gazette.—"Fascinating reading ... a book which is 'cider and cream' to West Country folk, and is extremely interesting to all who are attracted by human documents which are out of the common." Globe.—"For a Christmas present to a West Countryman Mr. Baring-Gould's book is unsurpassed.... The volume is full of good stories." M. P. WILLCOCKS in Daily Chronicle.—"The writing of such a book as 'Devonshire Characters' is a kind of intelligent ancestor worship.... The illustrations are curiously fascinating, and there are fifty-eight of them in the book, which has also an excellent index." Scotsman.—"Full of out of the way learning, and always brightly written ... an uncommonly interesting and instructive book...." Times.—"... A more entertaining crew than these Devonshire Characters it would be impossible to find; and the book that perpetuates their memory is excellent reading from cover to cover...." Pall Mall Gazette.—"... No writer of modern times has so fully breathed the spirit of the West as Mr. Baring-Gould...." Birmingham Post.—"Mr. S. Baring-Gould shows himself to be very much alive in 'Devonshire Characters,' and we cannot recall a case in which his astonishing literary s energies have been put to more interesting use ... a handsome as well as interesting addition to every library...." Western Daily Mercury.—"... We can most strenuously advise all Devonshire men and women who have either a love for their county, or a love for a good book, or both, to buy 'Devonshire Characters.' They will never regret it." Guardian.—"... The eccentric lives and the evil courses of the odd and the profligate have ever afforded more stirring reading than the improving careers of the good, and where we might idly turn the pages of Prince, we must needs follow with keen interest the roads traversed by Mr. Baring-Gould's villains and eccentrics, often to the gallows, or the county gaol, or into the weird old legends of the West...." Daily Telegraph.—"... His latest work will probably enjoy a longer popularity than anything else that he has done. It is a work that for all West Country folk will have a lasting fascination, dealing as it does with a large number of worthies and unworthies, celebrated people and notorious people, who have been associated with the county." +—+

+—+ WEST-COUNTRY BOOKS +—+ THE LIFE AND LETTERS OF ROBERT STEPHEN HAWKER, sometime Vicar of Morwenstow in Cornwall. Edited by C. E. BYLES. With numerous Illustrations by J. LEY PETHYBRIDGE and others. Demy 8vo. 7s. 6d. net. [Popular Edition. FOOTPRINTS OF FORMER MEN IN FAR CORNWALL. By ROBERT STEPHEN HAWKER, of Morwenstow. Edited, with an introduction by C. E. BYLES. With Portraits and many Illustrations by J. LEY PETHYBRIDGE. Crown 8vo. 5s. net. CORNISH BALLADS AND OTHER POEMS. Being the Complete Poetical Works of R. S. HAWKER. With an Introduction and Notes by C. E. BYLES, and numerous Illustrations. Crown 8vo. 5s. net. +—+ THE KING'S GENERAL IN THE WEST. Being the Life of SIR RICHARD GRENVILLE, Baronet (1600-1659). By ROGER GRANVILLE, M.A., Sub-Dean of Exeter Cathedral. With Illustrations. Demy 8vo (9 × 5-3/4 inches). 10s. 6d. net. +—+ THE WESSEX OF THOMAS HARDY. By BERTRAM WINDLE. With nearly 100 Illustrations by EDMUND H. NEW. Crown 8vo. 5s. net. +—+ THE CHRONICLE OF A CORNISH GARDEN. By HARRY ROBERTS. With 7 full-page Illustrations of an Ideal Garden and a Cover-design by F. L. GRIGGS. Crown 8vo. 5s. net. +—+ CORNISH SAINTS AND SINNERS. By J. H. HARRIS. With numerous Drawings and a Cover-design by L. RAVEN HILL. Crown 8vo. 6s. +—+ SIR BEVILL: A ROMANCE. By ARTHUR CHRISTOPHER THYNNE. With 7 Illustrations by J. LEY PETHYBRIDGE, and a Portrait of SIR BEVILL GRANVILLE. Crown 8vo. 6s. +—+ A CHILD OF THE SHORE: A ROMANCE OF CORNWALL. By S. M. FOX. Crown 8vo. 6s. +—+ NOVELS BY M. P. WILLCOCKS A MAN OF GENIUS. With Illustrations by WINIFRED STORY. Crown 8vo. 6s. THE WINGLESS VICTORY. Crown 8vo. 6s. WIDDICOMBE. Crown 8vo. 6s. +—+ JOHN LANE: THE BODLEY HEAD, LONDON AND NEW YORK. +—+

NOTICE

Those who possess old letters, documents, correspondence, MSS., scraps of autobiography, and also miniatures and portraits, relating to persons and matters historical, literary, political and social, should communicate with Mr. John Lane, The Bodley Head, Vigo Street, London, W., who will at all times be pleased to give his advice and assistance, either as to their preservation or publication.

LIVING MASTERS OF MUSIC

An Illustrated Series of Monographs dealing with Contemporary Musical Life, and including Representatives of all Branches of the Art. Edited by ROSA NEWMARCH. Crown 8vo. Cloth, 2s. 6d. net each volume.

HENRY J. WOOD. By ROSA NEWMARCH.

SIR EDWARD ELGAR. By R. J. BUCKLEY.

JOSEPH JOACHIM. By J. A. FULLER MAITLAND.

EDWARD MACDOWELL. By L. GILMAN.

EDVARD GRIEG. By H. T. FINCK.

THEODOR LESCHETIZKY. By A. HULLAH.

GIACOMO PUCCINI. By WAKELING DEY.

ALFRED BRUNEAU. By ARTHUR HERVEY.

IGNAZ PADEREWSKI. By E. A. BAUGHAN.

The following Volumes are in preparation:

RICHARD STRAUSS. By A. KALISCH.

CLAUDE DEBUSSY. By FRANZ LIEBICH.

STARS OF THE STAGE

A Series of Illustrated Biographies of the Leading Actors, Actresses, and Dramatists. Edited by J. T. GREIN. Crown 8vo. 2s. 6d. each net.

⁂ It was Schiller who said: "Twine no wreath for the actor, since his work is oral and ephemeral." "Stars of the Stage" may in some degree remove this reproach. There are hundreds of thousands of playgoers, and both editor and publisher think it reasonable to assume that a considerable number of these would like to know something about actors, actresses, and dramatists, whose work they nightly applaud. Each volume will be carefully illustrated, and as far as text, printing, and paper are concerned will be a notable book. Great care has been taken in selecting the biographers, who in most cases have already accumulated much appropriate material.

First Volumes.

ELLEN TERRY. By CHRISTOPHER ST. JOHN.

HERBERT BEERBOHM TREE. By MRS. GEORGE CRAN.

W. S. GILBERT. By EDITH A. BROWNE.

CHAS. WYNDHAM. By FLORENCE TEIGNMOUTH SHORE.

GEORGE BERNARD SHAW. By G. K. CHESTERTON.

A CATALOGUE OF MEMOIRS, BIOGRAPHIES, ETC.

WORKS UPON NAPOLEON

NAPOLEON & THE INVASION OF ENGLAND: The Story of the Great Terror, 1797-1805. By H. F. B. WHEELER and A. M. BROADLEY. With upwards of 100 Full-page Illustrations reproduced from Contemporary Portraits, Prints, etc.; eight in Colour. Two Volumes. 32s. net.

Outlook.—"The book is not merely one to be ordered from the library; it should be purchased, kept on an accessible shelf, and constantly studied by all Englishmen who love England."

Westminster Gazette.—"Messrs. Wheeler and Broadley have succeeded in producing a work on the threatened invasion of England by Napoleon, which treats of the subject with a fulness of detail and a completeness of documentary evidence that are unexampled."

DUMOURIEZ AND THE DEFENCE OF ENGLAND AGAINST NAPOLEON. By J. HOLLAND ROSE, Litt.D. (Cantab.), Author of "The Life of Napoleon," and A. M. BROADLEY, joint-author of "Napoleon and the Invasion of England." Illustrated with numerous Portraits, Maps, and Facsimiles. Demy 8vo. 21s. net.

THE FALL OF NAPOLEON. By OSCAR BROWNING, M.A., Author of "The Boyhood and Youth of Napoleon." With numerous Full-page Illustrations. Demy 8vo. (9 × 5-3/4 inches). 12s. 6d. net.

Spectator.—"Without doubt Mr. Oscar Browning has produced a book which should have its place in any library of Napoleonic literature."

Truth.—"Mr. Oscar Browning has made not the least, but the most of the romantic material at his command for the story of the fall of the greatest figure in history."

THE BOYHOOD & YOUTH OF NAPOLEON, 1769-1793. Some Chapters on the early life of Bonaparte. By OSCAR BROWNING, M.A. With numerous Illustrations, Portraits, etc. Crown 8vo. 5s. net.

Daily News.—"Mr. Browning has with patience, labour, careful study, and excellent taste given us a very valuable work, which will add materially to the literature on this most fascinating of human personalities."

Literary World.—"... Mr. Browning has examined all the available sources of information and carefully weighed his historical evidence. His discriminating treatment has resulted in a book that is ... one that arrests attention by the conviction its reasoned conclusions carry."

THE DUKE OF REICHSTADT (NAPOLEON II.) By EDWARD DE WERTHEIMER. Translated from the German. With numerous Illustrations. Demy 8vo. 21s. net. (Second Edition.)

Times.—"A most careful and interesting work which presents the first complete and authoritative account of the life of this unfortunate Prince."

Westminster Gazette.—"This book, admirably produced, reinforced by many additional portraits, is a solid contribution to history and a monument of patient, well-applied research."

NAPOLEON'S CONQUEST OF PRUSSIA, 1806. By F. Loraine Petre. With an Introduction by FIELD-MARSHAL EARL ROBERTS, V.C., K.G., etc. With Maps, Battle Plans, Portraits, and 16 Full-page Illustrations. Demy 8vo (9 × 5-3/4 inches). 12s. 6d. net.

Scotsman.—"Neither too concise, nor too diffuse, the book is eminently readable. It is the best work in English on a somewhat circumscribed subject."

Outlook.—"Mr. Petre has visited the battlefields and read everything, and his monograph is a model of what military history, handled with enthusiasm and literary ability, can be."

NAPOLEON'S CAMPAIGN IN POLAND, 1806-1807. A Military History of Napoleon's First War with Russia, verified from unpublished official documents. By F. LORAINE PETRE. With 16 Full-page Illustrations, Maps, and Plans. New Edition. Demy 8vo (9 × 5-3/4 inches). 12s. 6d. net.

Army and Navy Chronicle.—"We welcome a second edition of this valuable work.... Mr. Loraine Petre is an authority on the wars of the great Napoleon, and has brought the greatest care and energy into his studies of the subject."

NAPOLEON AND THE ARCHDUKE CHARLES. A History of the Franco-Austrian Campaign in the Valley of the Danube in 1809. By F. LORAINE PETRE. With 8 Illustrations and 6 sheets of Maps and Plans. Demy 8vo. (9 × 5-3/4 inches). 12s. 6d. net.

RALPH HEATHCOTE. Letters of a Diplomatist During the Time of Napoleon, Giving an Account of the Dispute between the Emperor and the Elector of Hesse. By COUNTESS GÜNTHER GRÖBEN. With Numerous Illustrations. Demy 8vo (9 × 5-3/4 inches). 12s. 6d. net.

⁂ Ralph Heathcote, the son of an English father and an Alsatian mother, was for some time in the English diplomatic service as first secretary to Mr. Brook Taylor, minister at the Court of Hesse, and on one occasion found himself very near to making history. Napoleon became persuaded that Taylor was implicated in a plot to procure his assassination, and insisted on his dismissal from the Hessian Court. As Taylor refused to be dismissed, the incident at one time seemed likely to result to the Elector in the loss of his throne. Heathcote came into contact with a number of notable people, including the Miss Berrys, with whom he assures his mother he is not in love. On the whole, there is much interesting material for lovers of old letters and journals.

MEMOIRS OF THE COUNT DE CARTRIE. A record of the extraordinary events in the life of a French Royalist during the war in La Vendée, and of his flight to Southampton, where he followed the humble occupation of gardener. With an introduction by FRÉDÉRIC MASSON, Appendices and Notes by PIERRE AMÉDÉE PICHOT, and other hands, and numerous Illustrations, including a Photogravure Portrait of the Author. Demy 8vo. 12s. 6d. net.

Daily News.—"We have seldom met with a human document which has interested us so much."

Athenæum.—"As a record of personal suffering and indomitable perseverance against opposing circumstances the narrative of De Cartrie's escape to the Eastern frontier, in the disguise of a master-gunner, could not easily be surpassed."

WOMEN OF THE SECOND EMPIRE. Chronicles of the Court of Napoleon III. By FRÉDÉRIC LOLIÉE. With an introduction by RICHARD WHITEING and 53 full-page Illustrations, 3 in Photogravure. Demy 8vo. 21s. net.

Standard.—"M. Frédéric Loliée has written a remarkable book, vivid and pitiless in its description of the intrigue and dare-devil spirit which flourished unchecked at the French Court.... Mr. Richard Whiteing's introduction is written with restraint and dignity."

Daily Telegraph.—"It is a really fascinating story, or series of stories, set forth in this volume.... Here are anecdotes innumerable of the brilliant women of the Second Empire, so that in reading the book we are not only dazzled by the beauty and gorgeousness of everything, but we are entertained by the record of things said and done, and through all we are conscious of the coming 'gloom and doom' so soon to overtake the Court. Few novels possess the fascination of this spirited work, and many readers will hope that the author will carry out his proposal of giving us a further series of memories of the 'Women of the Second Empire.'"

LOUIS NAPOLEON AND THE GENESIS OF THE SECOND EMPIRE. By F. H. CHEETHAM. With Numerous Illustrations. Demy 8vo (9 × 5-3/4 inches). 16s. net.

MEMOIRS OF MADEMOISELLE DES ÉCHEROLLES. Translated from the French by MARIE CLOTHILDE BALFOUR. With an Introduction by G. K. FORTESCUE, Portraits, etc. 5s. net.

Liverpool Mercury.—"... this absorbing book.... The work has a very decided historical value. The translation is excellent, and quite notable in the preservation of idiom."

JANE AUSTEN'S SAILOR BROTHERS. Being the life and Adventures of Sir Francis Austen, G.C.B., Admiral of the Fleet, and Rear-Admiral Charles Austen. By J. H. and E. C. HUBBACK. With numerous Illustrations. Demy 8vo. 12s. 6d. net.

Morning Post.—"... May be welcomed as an important addition to Austeniana ...; it is besides valuable for its glimpses of life in the Navy, its illustrations of the feelings and sentiments of naval officers during the period that preceded and that which followed the great battle of just one century ago, the battle which won so much but which cost us—Nelson."

SOME WOMEN LOVING AND LUCKLESS. By TEODOR DE WYZEWA. Translated from the French by C. H. JEFFRESON, M.A. With Numerous Illustrations. Demy 8vo (9 × 5-3/4 inches). 7s. 6d. net.

POETRY AND PROGRESS IN RUSSIA. By ROSA NEWMARCH. With 6 full-page Portraits. Demy 8vo. 7s. 6d. net.

Standard.—"Distinctly a book that should be read ... pleasantly written and well informed."

THE LIFE OF PETER ILICH TCHAIKOVSKY (1840-1893). By his Brother, MODESTE TCHAIKOVSKY. Edited and abridged from the Russian and German Editions by ROSA NEWMARCH. With Numerous Illustrations and Facsimiles and an Introduction by the Editor. Demy 8vo. 7s. 6d. net. Second edition.

The Times.—"A most illuminating commentary on Tchaikovsky's music."

World.—"One of the most fascinating self-revelations by an artist which has been given to the world. The translation is excellent, and worth reading for its own sake."

Contemporary Review.—"The book's appeal is, of course, primarily to the music-lover; but there is so much of human and literary interest in it, such intimate revelation of a singularly interesting personality, that many who have never come under the spell of the Pathetic Symphony will be strongly attracted by what is virtually the spiritual autobiography of its composer. High praise is due to the translator and editor for the literary skill with which she has prepared the English version of this fascinating work.... There have been few collections of letters published within recent years that give so vivid a portrait of the writer as that presented to us in these pages."

COKE OF NORFOLK AND HIS FRIENDS: The Life of Thomas William Coke, First Earl of Leicester of the second creation, containing an account of his Ancestry, Surroundings, Public Services, and Private Friendships, and including many Unpublished Letters from Noted Men of his day, English and American. By A. M. W. STIRLING. With 20 Photogravure and upwards of 40 other Illustrations reproduced from Contemporary Portraits, Prints, etc. Demy 8vo. 2 vols. 32s. net.

The Times.—"We thank Mr. Stirling for one of the most interesting memoirs of recent years."

Daily Telegraph.—"A very remarkable literary performance. Mrs. Stirling has achieved a resurrection. She has fashioned a picture of a dead and forgotten past and brought before our eyes with the vividness of breathing existence the life of our English ancestors of the eighteenth century."

Pall Mall Gazette.—"A work of no common interest; in fact, a work which may almost be called unique."

Evening Standard.—"One of the most interesting biographies we have read for years."

THE LIFE OF SIR HALLIDAY MACARTNEY, K.C.M.G., Commander of Li Hung Chang's trained force in the Taeping Rebellion, founder of the first Chinese Arsenal, Secretary to the first Chinese Embassy to Europe. Secretary and Councillor to the Chinese Legation in London for thirty years. By DEMETRIUS C. BOULGER, Author of the "History of China," the "Life of Gordon," etc. With Illustrations. Demy 8vo. Price 24s. net.

Daily Graphic.—"It is safe to say that few readers will be able to put down the book without feeling the better for having read it ... not only full of personal interest, but tells us much that we never knew before on some not unimportant details."

DEVONSHIRE CHARACTERS AND STRANGE EVENTS. By S. BARING-GOULD, M.A., Author of "Yorkshire Oddities," etc. With 58 Illustrations. Demy 8vo. 21s. net.

Daily News.—"A fascinating series ... the whole book is rich in human interest. It is by personal touches, drawn from traditions and memories, that the dead men surrounded by the curious panoply of their time, are made to live again in Mr. Baring-Gould's pages."

CORNISH CHARACTERS AND STRANGE EVENTS. By S. BARING-GOULD. Demy 8vo. 16s. net.

THE HEART OF GAMBETTA. Translated from the French of FRANCIS LAUR by VIOLETTE MONTAGU. With an Introduction by JOHN MACDONALD, Portraits and other Illustrations. Demy 8vo. 7s. 6d. net.

Daily Telegraph.—"It is Gambetta pouring out his soul to Léonie Leon, the strange, passionate, masterful demagogue, who wielded the most persuasive oratory of modern times, acknowledging his idol, his inspiration, his Egeria."

THE MEMOIRS OF ANN, LADY FANSHAWE. Written by Lady Fanshawe. With Extracts from the Correspondence of Sir Richard Fanshawe. Edited by H. C. FANSHAWE. With 38 Full-page Illustrations, including four in Photogravure and one in Colour. Demy 8vo. 16s. net.

⁂ This Edition has been printed direct from the original manuscript in the possession of the Fanshawe Family, and Mr. H. C. Fanshawe contributes numerous notes which form a running commentary on the text. Many famous pictures are reproduced, including paintings by Velazquez and Van Dyck.

THE DIARY OF A LADY-IN-WAITING. By LADY CHARLOTTE BURY. Being the Diary Illustrative of the Times of George the Fourth. Interspersed with original Letters from the late Queen Caroline and from various other distinguished persons. New edition. Edited, with an Introduction, by A. FRANCIS STEUART. With numerous portraits. Two Vols. Demy 8vo. 21s. net.

⁂ This book, which appeared anonymously in 1838, created an enormous sensation, and was fiercely criticised by Thackeray and in the Reviews of the time. There is no doubt that it was founded on the diary of Lady Charlotte Bury, daughter of the 5th Duke of Argyll, and Lady-in-Waiting to the unfortunate Caroline of Brunswick, when Princess of Wales. It deals, therefore, with the curious Court of the latter and with the scandals that occurred there, as well as with the strange vagaries of the Princess abroad. In this edition names left blank in the original have been (where possible) filled up, and many notes are given by the Editor to render it useful to the ever-increasing number of readers interested in the later Georgian Period.

THE DAUGHTER OF LOUIS XVI.: Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte of France, Duchesse D'Angoulême. By G. LENOTRE. With 13 Full-page Illustrations. Demy 8vo. 10s. 6d. net.

⁂ M. G. Lenotre is perhaps the most widely read of a group of modern French writers who have succeeded in treating history from a point of view at once scientific, dramatic and popular. He has made the Revolution his particular field of research, and deals not only with the most prominent figures of that period, but with many minor characters whose life-stories are quite as thrilling as anything in fiction. The localities in which these dramas were enacted are vividly brought before us in his works, for no one has reconstructed 18th century Paris with more picturesque and accurate detail. "The Daughter of Louis XVI." is quite equal in interest and literary merit to any of the volumes which have preceded it, not excepting the famous Drama of Varennes. As usual, M. Lenotre draws his material largely from contemporary documents, and among the most remarkable memoirs reproduced in this book are "The Story of my Visit to the Temple" by Harmand de la Meuse, and the artless, but profoundly touching narrative of the unhappy orphaned Princess: "A manuscript written by Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte of France upon the captivity of the Princes and Princesses, her relatives, imprisoned in the Temple." The illustrations are a feature of the volume and include the so-called "telescope" portrait of the Princess, sketched from life by an anonymous artist, stationed at a window opposite her prison in the tower of the Temple.

THE TRUE STORY OF MY LIFE: an Autobiography by ALICE M. DIEHL, Novelist, Writer, and Musician. Demy 8vo. 10s. 6d. net.

Daily Chronicle.—"This work ... has the introspective touch, intimate and revealing, which autobiography, if it is to be worth anything, should have. Mrs. Diehl's pages have reality, a living throb, and so are indeed autobiography."

HUBERT AND JOHN VAN EYCK: Their Life and Work. By W. H. JAMES WEALE. With 41 Photogravure and 95 Black and White Reproductions. Royal 4to. £5 5s. net.

SIR MARTIN CONWAY'S NOTE.

Nearly half a century has passed since Mr. W. H. James Weale, then resident at Bruges, began that long series of patient investigations into the history of Netherlandish art which was destined to earn so rich a harvest. When he began work Memlinc was still called Hemling, and was fabled to have arrived at Bruges as a wounded soldier. The van Eycks were little more than legendary heroes. Roger Van der Weyden was little more than a name. Most of the other great Netherlandish artists were either wholly forgotten or named only in connection with paintings with which they had nothing to do. Mr. Weale discovered Gerard David, and disentangled his principal works from Memlinc's, with which they were then confused. During a series of years he published in the "Beffroi," a magazine issued by himself, the many important records from ancient archives which threw a flood of light upon the whole origin and development of the early Netherlandish school. By universal admission he is hailed all over Europe as the father of this study. It is due to him in great measure that the masterpieces of that school, which by neglect were in danger of perishing fifty years ago, are now recognised as among the most priceless treasures of the Museums of Europe and the United States. The publication by him, therefore, in the ripeness of his years and experience, of the result of his studies on the van Eycks is a matter of considerable importance to students of art history. Lately, since the revived interest in the works of the Early French painters has attracted the attention of untrained speculators to the superior schools of the Low Countries, a number of wild theories have been started which cannot stand upright in the face of recorded facts. A book is now needed which will set down all those facts in full and accurate form. Fullness and accuracy are the characteristics of all Mr. Weale's work.

VINCENZO FOPPA OF BRESCIA, FOUNDER OF THE LOMBARD SCHOOL, HIS LIFE AND WORK. By CONSTANCE JOCELYN FFOULKES and MONSIGNOR RODOLFO MAJOCCHI, D.D., Rector of the Collegio Borromeo, Pavia. Based on research in the Archives of Milan, Pavia, Brescia, and Genoa, and on the study of all his known works. With over 100 Illustrations, many in Photogravure, and 100 Documents. Royal 4to. £3. 11s. 6d. net.

⁂ No complete Life of Vincenco Foppa, one of the greatest of the North Italian Masters, has ever been written: an omission which seems almost inexplicable in these days of over-production in the matter of biographies of painters, and of subjects relating to the art of Italy. In Milanese territory—the sphere of Foppa's activity during many years—he was regarded by his contemporaries as unrivalled in his art, and his right to be considered the head and founder of the Lombard school is undoubted. His influence was powerful and far-reaching, extending eastwards beyond the limits of Brescian territory, and south and westwards to Liguria and Piedmont. In the Milanese district it was practically dominant for over a quarter of a century, until the coming of Leonardo da Vinci thrust Foppa and his followers into the shade, and induced him to abandon Pavia, which had been his home for more than thirty years, and to return to Brescia. The object of the authors of this book has been to present a true picture of the master's life based upon the testimony of records in Italian archives; all facts hitherto known relating to him have been brought together; all statements have been verified; and a great deal of new and unpublished material has been added. The authors have unearthed a large amount of new material relating to Foppa, one of the most interesting facts brought to light being that he lived for twenty-three years longer than was formerly supposed. The illustrations will include several pictures by Foppa hitherto unknown in the history of art, and others which have never before been published, as well as reproductions of every existing work by the master at present known.

CÉSAR FRANCK: A Study. Translated from the French of Vincent d'Indy. And with an Introduction by ROSA NEWMARCH. Demy 8vo. 7s. 6d. net.

⁂ There is no purer influence in modern music than that of César Franck, for many years ignored in every capacity save that of organist of Sainte-Clotilde, in Paris, but now recognised as the legitimate successor of Bach and Beethoven. His inspiration "rooted in love and faith" has contributed in a remarkable degree to the regeneration of the musical art in France and elsewhere. The now famous "Schola Cantorum," founded in Paris in 1896, by A. Guilmant, Charles Bordes and Vincent d'Indy, is the direct outcome of his influence. Among the artists who where in some sort his disciples were Paul Dukas, Chabrier, Gabriel Fauré and the great violinist Ysäye. His pupils include such gifted composers as Benoît, Augusta Holmès, Chausson, Ropartz, and d'Indy. This book, written with the devotion of a disciple and the authority of a master, leaves us with a vivid and touching impression of the saint-like composer of "The Beatitudes."

JUNIPER HALL: Rendezvous of certain illustrious Personages during the French Revolution, including Alexander D'Arblay and Fanny Burney. Compiled by CONSTANCE HILL. With numerous Illustrations by ELLEN G. HILL, and reproductions from various Contemporary Portraits. Crown 8vo. 5s. net.

Daily Telegraph.—"... one of the most charming volumes published within recent years.... Miss Hill has drawn a really idyllic and graphic picture of the daily life and gossip of the stately but unfortunate dames and noblemen who found in Juniper Hall a thoroughly English home."

The Times.—"This book makes another on the long and seductive list of books that take up history just where history proper leaves off.... We have given but a faint idea of the freshness, the innocent gaiety of its pages; we can give none at all of the beauty and interest of the pictures that adorn it."

Westminster Gazette.—"Skilfully and charmingly told."

JANE AUSTEN: Her Homes and Her Friends. By CONSTANCE HILL. Numerous Illustrations by ELLEN G. HILL, together with Reproductions from Old Portraits, etc. Cr. 8vo. 5s. net.

World.—"Miss Constance Hill has given us a thoroughly delightful book...."

Spectator.—"This book is a valuable contribution to Austen lore."

Daily Telegraph.—"Miss Constance Hill, the authoress of this charming book, has laid all devout admirers of Jane Austen and her inimitable novels under a debt of gratitude."

THE HOUSE IN ST. MARTIN'S STREET. Being Chronicles of the Burney Family. By CONSTANCE HILL, Author of "Jane Austen, Her Home, and Her Friends," "Juniper Hall," etc. With numerous Illustrations by ELLEN G. HILL, and reproductions of Contemporary Portraits, etc. Demy 8vo. 21s. net.

World.—"This valuable and very fascinating work.... Charmingly illustrated.... Those interested in this stirring period of history and the famous folk who were Fanny Burney's friends should not fail to add 'The House in St. Martin's Street' to their collection of books."

Mr. C. K. SHORTER in Sphere.—"Miss Hill has written a charming, an indispensable book."

STORY OF THE PRINCESS DES URSINS IN SPAIN (Camarera-Mayor). By CONSTANCE HILL. With 12 Illustrations and a Photogravure Frontispiece. New Edition. Crown 8vo. 5s. net.

Truth.—"It is a brilliant study of the brilliant Frenchwoman who in the early years of the eighteenth century played such a remarkable part in saving the Bourbon dynasty in Spain. Miss Hill's narrative is interesting from the first page to the last, and the value of the book is enhanced by the reproductions of contemporary portraits with which it is illustrated."

NEW LETTERS OF THOMAS CARLYLE. Edited and Annotated by ALEXANDER CARLYLE, with Notes and an Introduction and numerous Illustrations. In Two Volumes. Demy 8vo. 25s. net.

Pall Mall Gazette.—"To the portrait of the man, Thomas, these letters do really add value; we can learn to respect and to like him the more for the genuine goodness of his personality."

Morning Leader.—"These volumes open the very heart of Carlyle."

Literary World.—"It is then Carlyle, the nobly filial son, we see in these letters; Carlyle, the generous and affectionate brother, the loyal and warm-hearted friend, ... and above all, Carlyle as the tender and faithful lover of his wife."

Daily Telegraph.—"The letters are characteristic enough of the Carlyle we know: very picturesque and entertaining, full of extravagant emphasis, written, as a rule, at fever heat, eloquently rabid and emotional."

THE NEMESIS OF FROUDE: a Rejoinder to "My Relations with Carlyle." By SIR JAMES CRICHTON BROWNE and ALEXANDER CARLYLE. Demy 8vo. 3s. 6d. net.

Glasgow Herald.—"... The book practically accomplishes its task of reinstating Carlyle; as an attack on Froude it is overwhelming."

Public Opinion.—"The main object of the book is to prove that Froude believed a myth and betrayed his trust. That aim has been achieved."