CHAPTER XLVII

EAST AND WEST ON BOARD SHIP

Christians and Hindu customs. The carpentry instructor; A taint of Hinduism; he retains his pigtail. Indians on their way to Europe; perplexities about bath and food. The Jain sect; their views. The Sikhs. Going to Germany for Sanskrit. Conversation of English-speaking Hindus. Indians on deck. East and West pull together. No room for the theosophist.

Some missionaries advocate the retention by Christian converts of such Hindu customs as are not directly connected with idolatry, especially in connection with marriage ceremonies. Others maintain that it is impossible really to distinguish between what is innocent and what is not, and that the only safe course is to come out altogether and be separate. The elaborate restrictions concerning food, given to the children of Israel, were apparently chiefly designed to prevent them from mixing socially with the idolatrous people with whom they were surrounded, lest they should drop back into any of the old evil ways. For the same reason it would seem necessary in India for the Christian convert to separate himself from everything which is in any way distinctive of Hinduism, quite apart from whether the thing itself is harmful or not. It is certain that lapses back to Hinduism have been most frequent amongst Christians of those Missions where the laxer view has prevailed.

An illustration somewhat to the point may be found in the case of the carpentry instructor in the Poona City Mission, who was a convert from Hinduism. He received the name of Bhumya at his baptism—his full name being Bhumya Virappa Chondikar. The second name was that of his father, which, according to Hindu custom, is always borne by the son, and the last was his family or surname. He did not improve his financial status by becoming a Christian. He was carpenter-master before, and continued to be so for many years afterwards. But his change of religion cut him off from any possibility of inheritance from Hindu relations, of whom he had several in rather prosperous circumstances. It also made such a ferment in his own household, where he had a wife and mother-in-law and little son, that he had to leave his home and lodge elsewhere so that he might not "pollute" them, as they would express it, by eating with them. Two years after his own baptism, however, he had the joy of seeing his wife and now two little children, baptized, and the home life was happily resumed. Eventually even his mother-in-law became a Christian.

But in spite of his own undoubted earnestness, his devout use of the sacraments, his constant attendance at all the services of the church, a sort of taint of Hinduism clung to him all through life and to some extent dimmed his Christian joy, and prevented his example, in many ways so edifying, from bearing the fruit that might otherwise have been the case. None of his numerous Hindu friends were led to Christianity through his influence, and none of his own relations followed his example, nor was it possible to use him much in evangelistic work, in spite of his readiness to help. He had a theory that Christianity had somehow been evolved out of Hinduism, and though even his intimate friends could never get to the bottom of his strange ideas, his preaching was sufficiently unorthodox to make it necessary that he should be a silent member of the preaching party in the streets of the city.

The retention of Hindu ideas which thus warped his Christian life, and prevented it from influencing his fellow-countrymen as it otherwise might have done, may partly be accounted for by the fact that he not only retained in every particular after his baptism the outward garb of a Hindu and wore no Christian symbol, but his partially shaved head, and rather long pigtail which he continued to wear, were so definitely the outward tokens of Hinduism that he was often taken for a Hindu, and several people at various times were startled to see a heathen man, as they thought, collecting the alms in church.

The chief moral value of Bhumya's life is to be found in the fact that, in spite of Hindu memories continuing to have some mysterious attraction for him, he was both in life and death unswerving and unshaken in his allegiance to Christianity.

Certainly a P. & O. steamer can no longer be described as a "white man's ship," as the young officer expressed it when he complained of the presence of Indians on board. The number of Easterns who go to Europe for educational and other purposes increases so rapidly that they now form a distinct element on many steamers. One autumn when coming to England, half the passengers in the second saloon were Easterns on their way westwards, chiefly for educational purposes, and travelling at that season in order to be in time for the classes and colleges, which begin their new course or term in October. We calculated that there were nearly twenty different languages being talked amongst us, and there were few phases of religion unrepresented.

In the first saloon were a few wealthy Indian lads on their way to English public schools, clad in the most approved English boys' dress, and nearly all these travellers were in full European costume, though a few retained the turban. Some of the combinations of colour in the shape of socks and ties were rather startling. But Indians quickly correct any mistakes of this kind after they have reached England, and have had time to observe what well-dressed people usually wear. Many of them were at first in great perplexity how to perform their ablutions in English baths, and the first morning or two they might be seen wandering about in the region of the baths with anxious faces. But they somehow found some solution to their difficulties, and ultimately distracted the man in charge of the baths by staying in long beyond the regulation ten minutes. "Too long," I heard the bathman say to one of these Indian gentlemen, who had been taking his bath in the leisurely fashion to which he had been accustomed in his own home. "Not too long," was the laconic reply.

The question of food is also a cause of great anxiety to some. "We are vegetarians," I heard one of them say to a ship's steward as he entered the saloon for his first meal, and the puzzled steward went off to consult his superiors as to what was to be done. But as the mere fact of crossing the seas to a foreign country constitutes a breach of caste, according to strict Hindu law, which will have to be atoned for on return, further breaches do not make much difference, and many of these travellers appear to enjoy their newly found liberty and eat freely all that is set before them, except that beef and pork are respectively avoided by Hindus and Mohammedans. Modern-minded Hindus even contend that to cross the seas does not break caste, and that their sacred writings support this view, and the matter has become the subject of long-drawn-out litigation by aggrieved Hindus who have been out-casted on their return from foreign travel.

One of the voyagers belonged to the Jain sect amongst the Hindus, who take the most elaborate precautions to avoid even the accidental destruction of the smallest animal life. He had been prudent enough to bring a Jain with him to act as his cook; but this man becoming completely incapacitated by sea-sickness, his employer had to fall back upon such stores of dry food as he had with him, until the cook recovered. Indians are not good sailors, and a very moderate sea sent most of them to the seclusion of their cabins.

This Jain was going to London to become a barrister. He told me that his sect believes in the immortality of God, the soul, and matter. Hence the two last are as indestructible as the first. The world, therefore, will always exist, and each soul will continue to be transmigrated for any number of ages until it gets absorbed into God. Not to lead an exemplary life involves the unpleasant risk of reappearing in some debased form, and also delays the realisation of the final absorption. Their particularity about the taking of life presumably arises from the possibility that if you destroy even the humblest insect it may be a relation who has unfortunately had to assume this form, and causes even eggs to be classed amongst forbidden articles, because they contain the germ of life.

Three brothers, Sikhs, kept in their little inside cabin almost all the voyage, with the door and ventilators generally closed, and seemed perfectly content, except when prostrated by sea-sickness. They took all their meals there, and they were heard imploring their steward to be careful not to bring them any "beef." The smallness and stuffiness of their cabin perhaps recalled pleasantly their Indian home. They talked and laughed the whole day, and would have certainly done so half the night, except that the English occupant of the next cabin called upon them at bedtime and suggested that having talked all day it might be well for the sake of others to devote the night to sleep, and they cheerfully and courteously accepted the hint. Now and then, if it was very fine and smooth, they came on deck, but held no intercourse with the other Indian passengers, and played cards most of the time. They wore European coats and shirts, the tails of the latter being worn outside according to Indian custom. Their legs were cased in the white breeches peculiar to their race, very baggy in the upper part, but fitting so close below that the problem of how they get into them remains a mystery. On their heads were immense and picturesque white turbans. It was touching to see the extent to which the elder brother was looked up to, with that delightful combination of affection and respect characteristic of this particular relationship in India. They were gentle, courteous people, and everybody liked them.

An Indian, who called himself a Parsee, but there was reason to think that he was really a Bengali Hindu, was on his way to Germany to learn Sanskrit. As India is its home, although it is no longer a spoken language, except that Sanskrit words are found in many vernaculars, it appeared strange that an Indian should be travelling westwards in order to learn an Eastern language. But he explained that the Indian Pundits, or teachers, though they know Sanskrit, have no knowledge of how to teach it, and with characteristic disregard for the value of time, spend at least six years in teaching what, with more rational methods, might be learnt in two. In Germany this Indian hoped to see the most up-to-date way of teaching languages, and then he proposed to return to India and introduce the modern system in the college of which he said he was professor of Sanskrit.

Passing alongside the Italian coast, he said to me: "I hope very much to see Italy before I return to my own country. I understand that the Italian cathedrals are very beautiful, and a cathedral always appeals to me very strongly. I should also like to see Assisi. The character of S. Francis has great charms for me." I said that, with ideas such as these, he ought to be a Christian. "Possibly," he replied; "I have the greatest veneration for Christ as the greatest among prophets." English-speaking Hindus, however, have a remarkable power of adapting their sentiments to their society. I overheard the same man contrasting, for the benefit of a young Egyptian, the way in which famine is dealt with in a native state and by the Government of India, by which it would appear that whereas the former did everything, the latter did nothing.

In the saloon the Indians naturally gathered to their own tables, but in fine weather they entered into the usual deck life of a liner, sat about in deck-chairs, made some show of reading, chiefly English light literature, made an attempt at the stereotyped deck games, played cards largely, and discovered that lemon-squash was a cooling drink, and those who could afford it went in for it often. They nearly all of them knew exactly where they were going to in London, and expected to be met by friends or relations already there. There are also many agencies and individuals who are ready to interest themselves in these young students, and to help them with advice and sympathy when they are willing to accept it. There are now quite a number of Indian houses in London where students lodge, and where they can arrange to have their food served in orthodox fashion. A few of these houses have at times become centres of mischief, and have had to be kept under observation.

The Indians on board lived very much in cliques, just as they do in their own country, and with few exceptions there was but little general interchange of ideas amongst themselves. Curiously enough, the connecting link was to be found in the English population on board, who mixed with them all good-humouredly. That it is possible for East and West to meet on equal terms, and to dine in the same room if not at the same table, and to get on happily in daily intercourse, was proved by the pleasant way in which, within the narrow limits of a ship's second-class quarters, everybody managed to pull together. It was also a satisfactory feature of this medley of races and religions that the only person for whom there was no place, and who finally got sent to Coventry, was an Englishwoman who professed to be a theosophist.

INDEX

Affection, 15

Agricultural experiments, 329

Agriculture, 328; colleges of, 328

Animals, 176

Antelope, 177

Anthony, St., 245

Ants, 191; white, 191

Architecture, Indian view of, 17

Art, 60; degenerating, 60; Christian, 64

Artists, Indian, 63

Ascetics, 3, 196, 199; maxims for, 166

Band, native, 102, 140; English, 102; "Europe," 102

Baptism, 23, 338; Nonconformist laxity concerning, 5, 86

Barbel tree, 197

Barber, 271

Bath, 110, 290, 293, 341

Beasts, wild, 170

Bees, 190

Beetles, 189

Beggars, feasts to, 12; Hindu religious, 201

Bells, bullocks', 324

Benson, Father, 156

Bhumya, his conversion, 338

Bible, quoted by Hindus, 4

Bile polar, festival for cattle, 245

Bin, musical instrument, 101

Birds, 185, 187; scaring, 271

Bishop, Indian, 93

Blacksmiths, 271

Blasting, 261

Blister beetle, 189

Bookbinding, 150

Books in India, 143, 148; prayer, 144, 149; price of, 149

Boundary stones, 221, 253

Boy, Indian, 161, 163, 168, 192

Brahmins, 84, 85, 164, 265; ladies, 23; thread, 122

Brain-fever bird, 185

Brass, its polish, 62

Bread, 109

Bribes, 296; on the railway, 296; in trade, 298

Buffalo, 179; the dead, 71

Bugs, 192

Bullocks, 324, 325; drawing water, 98

Bungalow, 292, 297

Burial, 71, 268

Butterflies, 195

Camels, 181

Card-playing, 117

Caretaker, the faithful, 28; his contentment, 29; his prayers, 30

Carpenters, 271

Carpets, 78

Caste, 167, 210, 278; breach of, 168, 237, 341

Catholic Church, 88, 96

Cattle, festival for, 245

Cemetery, Christian, 263; consecrated, 267; Cross, 267; Hindu, 173

Chairs, 56

Character, Indian, 24, 90, 157, 249, 254, 289; shallow, 158, 160, 166

Cheating labourers, 26, 30, 31

Choir-boys, 104

Chowdi, 215; sleeping in, 314

Christian art, 64, 65

Christian Indians, 5, 15, 209, 226; their hospitality, 13, 43; honesty, 242; respect for their mother, 14; dress for, 41; their expenses, 42; their unpunctuality, 51; their meals, 56, 236; panchayat, 68; their happiness, 115; their prayer books, 144, 149; houses, 254, 255

Church at Yerandawana, 19-23, 126, 155, 282

Clarke, Sir George, 103

Clergy, Indian, 89, 90, 91, 92

Clerk, Hindu village, 223, 224, 253

Cobra, 309, 310

Cockroaches, 190

Cold, 275; Indians sensitive to, 276

Collectors, 80, 230

Comfort, increase of, 299, 301

Confessions to police, 217

Confirmation, 94

Conversion of India, 83; of Brahmins, 84, 85; of low castes, 85; in famine time, 85

Cooking, particular about, 108; pots, 56, 271; graceful shape of, 61

Court, High, 212; petty, 212; Police, 214; Registrar's, 265

Courtesy of Indians, 231

Cricket, 130, 285

Crime, 217, 218

Crispin, St., church of, 65, 266

Crocodiles, 182

Cross, Southern, 182

Crows, 187

Customs of East and West, 234, 239, 284, 294

Dacoits, 314, 315

Dance, nautch, 76, 79; religious, 155, 156

Dasara, Hindu festival, 244

Daughter-in-law, 210, 211

Deer, 177

Defects of Indians, 2

Delhi, 177, 181, 196, 198; declaration at, 162

Delhi Mission News, 6

Dhobie, washerman, 43, 317; Christian, 318

Dhota, Hindu garment, 41, 44, 55, 79, 193, 198, 284

Dishonesty, Hindu, 27, 297

Dissenters, 289

Donkey, 179

Drawing, 18, 281

Dress, English, 40, 41, 42, 236, 291, 300, 301; Indian, 41, 44, 45, 46, 65, 236; policeman's, 46

East and West, customs of, 234, 239, 284, 294; travelling, 228, 234; on board ship, 231, 337, 340, 346

Education, 84; mistaken, 146, 283; effects of, 247, 286; rational, 283

Elephants, 180

Employers of labour, 24

English, dress, 40, 41, 42, 57, 343; workers, 95; letters in, 144; advertisements in, 145; literature for Indians, 146; the, in India, 288, 292

Entertainments, 74

European customs, 40; control, 89; compartment, 232; goods, 280

Evening-tide, 335

Eye-fly, 194

Face, Hindu, 115, 208

Fakir, 196

Famine, 85

Feasts, to beggars, 12; village, 138

Fiction, India in, 143

Fingers, eating with, 236

Fire-flies, 183

Flattery, 119

Flies, 194

Flowers, offerings of, 18

Food, 107

Frost, 276

Fuel, 329

Furniture, 78

Games, 130, 285

Garlands, 19, 81, 230

Gifts, 263, 268

Gods, Hindu, 3, 120; conception of, 119, 120; burial of, 118; robbery of, 118

Golden Threshold, The, 111

Gosavies, 198

Government officials, 241

Governors, 238

Greetings, 305

Grinding, 98, 105

Gunpatti, Hindu god, 118

Guru, religious teacher, 202

Gymnasium, village, 137

Heber, Bp., 288

High castes, 84, 208, 248, 306

Hindu college, visitors from, 21

Hinduism, 2, 5, 6, 117, 128; and Christianity, 4, 6, 115, 121, 128, 209, 244, 285, 337, 338; definitions of, 6-10

Hindus, nominal, 58, 59, 121; educated, 247

Hole, Mr. W., pictures by, 127

Home life, absence of, 56; of Brahmin doctor, 57

Honesty, 226, 242, 243; of the dhobie, 322

Horses, 181

Hospitality, 11; Hindu customs concerning, 12; of Indian Christians, 13, 43

Houses, 249, 250, 254; how furnished, 55; Indian in London, 345

Howd, tank, 317

Hyderabad, the Nizam of, 112

Hymns, 104

Idolatry, 2, 208, 337

Immorality, 69

Inam, grant, 74, 264

Inamdar, 74; his house, 78

Insects, 188

Inspector, police, 215

Institute, Indian at Oxford, 45

Irrigation, 330

Itte-dhandu, boys' game, 135

Jackals, 173

Jacob, Sir Swinton, 61

Jain, sect, 342

Jerome, the story of a Brahmin boy, 115

Jewellery, native, 62

Jeypore, museum at, 61

Kala, village of, 171

Kathiawar, 175

Khandala, 320

Kim's talk, 143

King, H.M. the, 153, 162

Kipling, Rudyard, 143, 175

Kite, bird, 187

Kites, 133

Krait, snake, 310

Labour, employers of, 24; dignity of, 129

Land, buying, 263

Landmark, neighbour's, 253

Language, 306

Law-courts, 119, 212

"Lawrence," the, school, 162

Lights, incandescent, 139, 272

Lion, 175

Litigation, 224

Locusts, 183

Low castes, 85, 278

Magisterial inquiry, 67

Mahars, low-caste, 70, 71, 214; boys, 72

Mantis, 195

Manure, 329; farmers and, 331

Map, 222

Marbles, 131

Marriage, 151; of widows, 206, 209

Meals, 55, 107, 207, 236; English and Indian, 107, 109, 238

Medicine-men, 315

Middleton, Bp., 291

Military display, 153, 154

Mills, grinding, 98, 105

Mineral waters, 139

Misconceptions about India, 1, 272, 273, 288

Mission work, 89; heads of, 94, 96

Mohammedans, 302; ascetics, 196; conception of heaven, 303; egg-merchant, 198, 200; and marriage, 302, 304; merchants, 303; saints, 75

Money, 225

Mongoose, 178

Monkeys, 177

Monsoon, 273-5

Moral maxims, 166; instruction, 286

Mosquitoes, 193; net for, 193

Mother, respect for, 13, 16; Swithun's, 15

Mother-in-law, 210, 211

Motor cars, 80, 181; bullocks and, 326

Music, 81, 98, 100, 101; Sir G. Clarke on, 103, 104

Musical instruments, 101

Naidu, Mrs Sarojini, 111; her portrait, 115

National characteristics, 141

Nature, illustrations from, 164; Indian view of, 17; the world of, 182

Nautch, dance, 76, 79

Neatness, lack of, 90, 91

Night, alarms, 309, 313; thieves, 251; travelling by, 99; watchmen, 312

Obedience, Indian, 25

Obstinacy, 159

Oman, Mr. J. C., 166

Pageants, 151

Painting, mural, 64

Palaces, 60

Palanquin bearers, 100

Panchayat, committee of five, 66; Christian, 68

Pan supari, leaf and betel nut, 75, 80; party, 76

Panther, 172

Paper, daily, 300; vernacular, 301

Parsees, 48, 65, 125, 186, 271

Patel, headman, 71, 213, 214, 316; his gift, 264

Patience, 92

Payments, how made, 26

Persian visitors, 126

Philosophy, Hindu, 111

Pictures, from England, 63; by Indian artists, 63

Pigs, wild, 178

Plague Refuge Camp, 281

Pleaders, 225

Plural, use of, 306

Poetry, 112

Police, 213; umbrellas for, 279

Political unrest, 131, 280

Poona City, 77, 164, 281; ancient houses in, 60, 61; modern houses in, 60, 61, 257

Post, cards, 34; offices, 33; postman, 38; post-runners, 32

Postal privileges, 36; service, 32; train-sorters, 35

Potatoes, 335

Potter, 271

Poverty, 54, 108, 225

Prayer, Hindu, 30, 121

Prayer Book valued, 144

Printing, 149

Processions, 151; funeral, 152; religious, 154

Projects, unfinished, 158, 256; imaginary, 257

Property, 221

Proverbial sayings, 270

Psalm cl., 156

Punishment, 161, 213

Purdah women, 81

Purity, 70

Pusa College, 328

Religion, 117; true, 240

Religious controversy, 164; phases, 124

Repartee, 129

Rest-house, 99

Rewards, government, 172

Rivers, 77, 183, 319

Robbery, by train-sorters, 35; in temples, 118

Roman Catholics, 87, 124, 290

Rudeness, to employers, 24, 25; to Indians, 228

Sacred books, Hindu, 3

Salvation Army, 290

Sanskrit, 344

Scenery, oblivious to, 17

Schoolboys, 219; Hindu, 283, 340

Scorpions, 191

Sects, 87, 88

Servants, 295, 297; punctuality, 52; Christian, 242, 244, 269; heathen, 243; of Europeans, 72, 237, 238, 241

Shiggram, carriage, 299

Shinde, pigtail, 284, 339

Shoes, 299

Shops, 300

Sikhs, 343

Singing, 81, 98, 99, 100, 103, 140

Slang, 147

Smell of India, 305

Snakes, 293, 309, 312

Socks, 299

Soldiers, 100

Son, eldest, 332

Sparrows, 186

Spiders, 192

Spirit, Holy, 97

Squirrel, 176

State, native, 119

Station-masters, Indian, 49

Sugar cane, 331; parties, 332; juice, 333

Sun, 277; caution about, 290

Survey Department, 222

Swallows, 186

Swearing, 125, 147

Swithun's mother, 15

Symons, Mr Arthur, 111

Telegrams, 37; abuse of, 37

Temples, Hindu, 122; behaviour in, 117

Thackeray, Mr., 195

Thieving, 218, 250

Tigers, 170; den, 173; tigress, 173

Tilak, Mr., 120, 281

Tips, 269

Titles, 74

Tomb, Mohammedan, 79, 196

Tom Tiddler's ground, 136

Toothbrush, 235

Tops, 132

Torture, 213, 217, 218

Trades, 270; ancestral, 323

"Traveller's tale," 182

Tulsi plant, 58, 208

Tunes, 103; Indian, for hymns, 104

Turban, 44, 284, 343

Umbrellas, 278

Unfinished projects, 158, 256, 258, 260

Unpunctuality, 48; instance of, 49; on the railway, 48, 49; at meals, 52, 53; incurable, 50, 51; amongst Christians, 51, 92, 93, 94; illustration from parables, 52

Unrest, political, 278, 280

Villages, 66

Vultures, 186

Washerman, 317

Wasps, 190

Watchmen, night, 72

Wells, 258, 260

Widows, Hindu, 22, 204; at Yerandawana, 206; garments of, 205; Home for, 205, 207, 299; marriage of, 206, 209

Windows, 56

Wolf-boys, 174

Wolves, 174

Women, their dress, 44, 65; their meals, 55; purdah, 81; grinding, 98, 105, 106

Work, low ideal of, 295

Wrestling, 137; prizes for, 138; competitions, 140

Wrongdoing, 212, 217, 218

Xavier, St Francis, 97

Yerandawana, 15, 18, 19, 33, 74, 126, 154, 196, 202, 206, 263

Yonge, Miss, 21

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SOME INDIAN FRIENDS AND ACQUAINTANCES. A Study of the Ways of Birds and other Animals frequenting Indian Streets and Gardens. By Lieut.-Col. D. D. CUNNINGHAM. With Illustrations. Square Demy 8vo, 12s. net.

PLAGUES AND PLEASURES OF LIFE IN BENGAL. By Lieut.-Col. D. D. CUNNINGHAM. With Coloured and Half-tone Illustrations, Square Demy 8vo, 12s. net.

INDIA AND TIBET. By Colonel Sir FRANCIS YOUNGHUSBAND, K.C.I.E. With Maps and Illustrations. Medium 8vo, 21s. net.

"The expedition to Lhasa six years ago has already had three historians, but Sir Francis Younghusband's work is invested with a special value which none of its predecessors can claim. He was the responsible leader of the Mission of 1904, and what he has to say about it, and about the circumstances which led to its despatch, bears the stamp of final and indisputable authority ... a full and balanced account of the political aspects of the Tibetan problem, the motives which led to the unveiling of Lhasa, the results of the Mission, and the questions which still await solution. His book, therefore, constitutes the most important contribution yet made to the growing store of literature about Tibet."—Times.

THE WISDOM OF THE EAST SERIES

CONTAINS ORIGINAL TRANSLATIONS OF THE GREAT RELIGIOUS, PHILOSOPHICAL, AND LITERARY CLASSICS OF THE EAST

Amongst the subjects treated of are Buddhism, Mohammedanism, Confucianism, Judaism, the Bahai Religion, Chinese, Persian and Arabian Mysticism, and the Poetry of China and Japan.

THE HEART OF INDIA. Sketches in the History of Hindu Religion and Morals. By L. D. BARNETT, M. A., Litt. D., Professor of Sanskrit at University College, London. 2s. net.

BRAHMA-KNOWLEDGE: AN OUTLINE OF THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE VEDANTA. As set forth by the Upanishads and by Sankara. By L. D. BARNETT, M. A., Litt. D., Professor of Sanskrit at University College, London. 2s. net.

THE PATH OF LIGHT. Rendered for the first time into English from the Bodhi-charyavatara of Santi-Deva. A Manual of Maha-Yana Buddhism. By L. D. BARNETT, M. A., Litt. D. 2s. net.

LEGENDS OF INDIAN BUDDHISM. Translated from "L'Introduction à l'Histoire du Buddhisme Indien" of Eugène Burnouf, with an Introduction by WINIFRED STEPHENS. 2s. net.

THE WAY OF THE BUDDHA. Selections from the Buddhist texts, together with the original Pali, with Introduction by HERBERT BAYNES, M.R.A.S. 2s. net.

LONDON: JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET, W.